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Users through Card Sorting: Methodology Overview

Learn how to use card sorting to understand users' conceptual models of an interface or information structure. Participants hierarchically order cards and develop category names, revealing insights. Explore variants, number of cards/studies, and available software for effective analysis.

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Users through Card Sorting: Methodology Overview

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  1. Card Sorting Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine

  2. Card sorting Card sorting can be used to understand users’conceptual models of an interface or information structure • Each card shows one concept (which come from user studies or directly from designers) • Participants are asked to order cards hierarchically and to come up with category names (possibly let them think aloud, to capture their rationales) • Performed individually or in a small group. Also over the Internet • Variants: • Category names are pre-defined (closed set or user-extensible) • Freelisting (open sort): users both sort and produce categories • Number of cards: 60-70 maximum (Preece et al.: 90) • Number of studies: start with 5-6, add some more, and stop when there seems convergence in the results. Otherwise add more studies, specifically if there are different user types (no more than 30 total). • Software available (with consolidation across participants)E.g., OptimalSort

  3. Physical card sorting

  4. Card sorting Card sorting can be used to understand users’conceptual models of an interface or information structure • Each card shows one concept (which come from user studies or directly from designers) • Participants are asked to order cards hierarchically and to come up with category names (possibly let them think aloud, to capture their rationales) • Performed individually or in a small group. Also over the Internet • Variants: • Category names are pre-defined (closed set or user-extensible) • Freelisting (open sort): users both sort and produce categories • Number of cards: 60-70 maximum (Preece et al.: 90) • Number of studies: start with 5-6, add some more, and stop when there seems convergence in the results. Otherwise add more studies, specifically if there are different user types (no more than 30 total). • Software available (with consolidation across participants)E.g., OptimalSort

  5. Result: Similarity matrix

  6. Result: “Dendrogram”

  7. Result: “Dendrogram”

  8. OptimalSort Participant-Centric Analysis

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