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The End of the Cold War: 1981 to 1991

The End of the Cold War: 1981 to 1991. Ronald Regan. U.S. President 1981-1988 Ideas: Confront the Soviets everywhere Increase military spending. 25% of Soviet GDP spent on arms Result: Soviet economic problems U.S. military build-up. New Soviet Leadership. Yuri Andropov (1983).

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The End of the Cold War: 1981 to 1991

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  1. The End ofthe Cold War:1981 to 1991

  2. Ronald Regan • U.S. President 1981-1988 • Ideas: • Confront the Soviets everywhere • Increase military spending

  3. 25% of Soviet GDP spent on arms • Result: • Soviet economic problems • U.S. military build-up

  4. New Soviet Leadership Yuri Andropov (1983) Konstantin Chernenko (1984) Mikhail Gorbachev (New General Secretary in 1985)

  5. Gorbachev’s Reforms • Glasnost: encouraged Soviet citizens to discuss ways to improve society • Perestroika: Soviet economic restructuring 1985 1985

  6. Gorbachev’s Reforms • Democratization: gradual opening of political system leading to election of new legislative body • Foreign Policy: diplomacy over force and arms control 1987 1987

  7. Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) • December 1987 • Banned nuclear missiles with ranges of 300 to 3,400 miles

  8. Poland Breaks Away • April 1989: Solidarity Party legalized • 1989-90: Free elections out Communist reign • FIRST TIME EVER! Hungarian Communism Falls • October 1989: reformers take over communist party & disband party • October 1990: Free elections put non-communist govt. in power

  9. Communism Continues to Fall • Czechoslovakia: • December 1989: Milo Jakes & communist govt. resigns • Romania: • December 1989: uprisings lead to execution of Ceausescu • Free elections held in 1990 &1992

  10. Fall of the Berlin Wall • October 1989: Closed borders leads to demonstrations & Honecker resigns • November 1989: new leader Krenz opens the Berlin Wall

  11. German Reunification • By end of 1989: East German communism falls • October 3, 1990: officially reunited

  12. Unrest in Soviet Union • Georgia, Ukraine, Moldavia, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia demand self-rule • June 1991:voters elect Boris Yeltsin as first directly elected president Boris Yeltsin

  13. The August Coup • August 1991 • Gorbachev detained • Protestors gather outside Yeltsin’s office in Moscow and demand constitution

  14. Fall of the Soviet Union • December 25, 1991: Gorbachev resigns • Soviet parliament vote to stop all party activities………………….. Soviet Union falls!! • By early December all 15 republics had declared their independence

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