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Iceland: Land of Fire and Ice

Iceland: Land of Fire and Ice. 11 th – 16 th July 2014. The only place where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above sea level. Staffing. Mr Paul Shimmin (Leader) Mr Keith Winstanley (Deputy Leader) Mrs Danielle Winstanley. Flights.

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Iceland: Land of Fire and Ice

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  1. Iceland: Land of Fire and Ice 11th – 16th July 2014

  2. The only place where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above sea level.

  3. Staffing • Mr Paul Shimmin (Leader) • Mr Keith Winstanley (Deputy Leader) • Mrs Danielle Winstanley

  4. Flights Fri. 11th July: IOM out: 07.05 arr: 07.55 Manchester Fri. 11th July: Manchester out: 13.25 arr: 15.00 Keflavik Weds. 16th July: Keflavik out: 08.00 arr: 11.35 Manchester Weds. 16th July: Manchester out: 16.55 arr: 17.40 IOM

  5. General Profile of Iceland • Area: 103,000 sq km • Coastline: 4,970 km • Terrain: mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords • Land use: • arable land: 0.07% • other: 99.93% (2011) • Natural resources: fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite

  6. Is there a National Health Service? • Yes. After 6 months.. • IOM is not in EEA – no EHIC so we will have DEC insurance

  7. Demographics • Population: 306,694 (July 2009 est.) • Age Structure: 0-14 years: 20.7% • Population growth rate: 0.741% (2009 est.) • Urban population: 92% (2008) • Infant mortality rate: 3.23 deaths/1,000 live births • Life expectancy at birth: 80.67 years • Adult literacy: 99%

  8. Living Costs (2012) Eating out Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, three-course, no drinks £51.70 Supermarket Chicken Breasts (Boneless, Skinless), (1kg) £10.55 Bottle of Wine (Mid-Range) £10.00 1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar) £100.56 Internet (6 Mbps, Unlimited Data ADSL) £35.45

  9. Where can the information we will collect and the experiences we have be put to use? • Global climate change • Evidence for climatic change over the last 20 000 years. • Global warming – possible causes. Possible effects: on a global scale. • Responses to global warming: International, national and local.

  10. Where can the information we will collect and the experiences we have be put to use? Plate movement • Earth structure, plate tectonics theory - sea-floor spreading. • Evidence for Continental Drift • Constructive plate margins. Vulcanicity • Forms of intrusive activity – dykes, sills, batholiths. • Forms of extrusive activity – geysers, hot springs and boiling mud. • Major forms of extrusive activity – types of volcanoes and lava • Case studies of recent (inside the last 30 years) volcanic events • The nature of the volcanic hazard • The impact of the event • Management of the hazard and responses to the event.

  11. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Divergent tectonic plate boundary)

  12. Iceland’s Eruptions • The island lies just south of the Arctic Circle on top of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where two tectonic plates are pulling apart. Magma from deep inside Earth rushes upward, filling the gaps and fueling Iceland's volcanic eruptions, which occur regularly.

  13. Eyjafjallajökull volcano on March 27, 2010. The eruption started on March 21, hundreds of people were evacuated from their homes, due to fears of flooding.

  14. From a different angle, Eyjafjallajökull's "lavafall" on March 26, 2010.

  15. Krafla Volcano - Iceland An incandescent basaltic lava flow winds its way from a vent at Krafla volcano in 1984. The flow originated from an 8.5-km-long fissure which was produced by rifting along the mostly submarine Mid-Atlantic Ridge where it rises above sea level.

  16. Cooling lava flows

  17. More cooling lava

  18. The Gullfoss (Golden Falls) Waterfall

  19. An eruption of the geyser ‘Strokkur’.

  20. Not far from Eyjafjallajokull glacier, the much larger Mýrdalsjökull glacier (check the map on the next slide)

  21. A river with volcanic black sand banks meanders to the sea through fields near the southern coast

  22. Reykjavik

  23. Day 1 - Friday • Arrive at Hotel approximately 17.30 via prite coach with guide • Evening meal • Visit to local hot spring

  24. Day 2 - Saturday • Golden Circle tour (8 – 9) hours (private coach and guided) Gullfoss waterfall Great Geysirn (Geyser) Strokkur (Geyser) Pinvellir National park – mid atlantic ridge above ground and site of world’s oldest parliament Ice-skating + food

  25. Day 3 • South Shore guide tour • Greenhouses driven by geothermal power • Eyjafjallajokull • Waterfalls – Seljalandsfoss and Skargofloss • Local farm visit to hear and see first hand evidence of eruption’s effects. • Bowling and pizza in evening

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