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E-Business Textbook

E-Business Textbook. Chapter 2 eBusiness Systems. Introduction. eBusiness is a continually evolving technology Mid-1990s businesses scrambling for Web presence Today, almost all organizations have a web site, plus eCommerce web interfaces or online catalogs

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E-Business Textbook

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  1. E-Business Textbook Chapter 2 eBusiness Systems E-Business Instructor Guide

  2. Introduction • eBusiness is a continually evolving technology • Mid-1990s businesses scrambling for Web presence • Today, almost all organizations have a web site, plus eCommerce web interfaces or online catalogs • The next step is web services or dynamic data interchange using XML • Nuances in terms eBusiness and eCommerce: • eBusiness: IBM defines it as the Web plus IT, which includes enterprise intranets, business to business extranets, and consumer to business via the public Internet. Involves developing interactive, on-line applications, deployed using the technology of the web • eCommerce: E-Business Instructor Guide

  3. Introduction • Nuances in terms eBusiness and eCommerce cont.: • eCommerce:allows companies to conduct business transactions over the Internet, via B2C and B2B, and so is really a specialized subset of the general term eBusiness • Topics in this chapter: • Evolution and growth of the Internet & World Wide Web, and the affect on businesses • Stages of web infiltration • Types of web applications deployed by organizations today • The next wave of eBusiness – web services and wireless – and how this will continue to impact IT organizations E-Business Instructor Guide

  4. The Explosion of the Internet • Advancements in 1983 laid foundation for Internet: • Government, military, and university research communities, in various geographies, had developed their own network of computers • Growth of TCP/IP networking protocols • ARPANET • Advanced Research Projects Agency of U.S. Dept of Defense • Developed for university-based researchers • Became largest and most influential network • By mid-1980s, became interconnected with other networks in Canada and Europe via TCP/IP E-Business Instructor Guide

  5. The Explosion of the Internet • TCP/IP • A packet-switched protocol in which packets of data or information are broken up and distributed to the destination separately, possibly over different pathways, and then regrouped and assembled at the other end • TCP: dictates how this packaging and reassembling happens • IP: dictates how packets are delivered from server to server • TCP/IP Application Protocols include: • File Transfer Protocol (FTP), TelNet, UseNet, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) E-Business Instructor Guide

  6. The Explosion of the Internet • Email capabilities: • Sprouted in late-1980s, but only government and research facilities, or technical people, as opposed to widespread business users, took advantage of other internet technologies • World Wide Web and Mosaic Browser: • Developed in 1990 • Converted “techie sandbox” into a commercial enterprise • A Home Page on the Web: • Goal for businesses by mid-1990s • HTML and extensions to HTML grew rapidly • Deployment of eBusiness applications in latter 1990s E-Business Instructor Guide

  7. The Explosion of the Internet • The “Dot.com” craze: • The proliferation of technology companies poised to take advantage of the popularity of doing business over the Internet • Technology stocks soared in late 1990s and reached an all-time high in early 2000, largely due to both Y2K system overhauls and the Internet frenzy • Investors promoted high tech stocks, creating many IPOs of emerging tech companies, which really had no strong customer base or revenue • Reality hit hard in 2000/2001, when tech stocks plummeted and many “dot.coms” went bye-bye… E-Business Instructor Guide

  8. Audience and Accessibility • eBusiness solutions are commonly categorized based on a combination of the functionality provided and the target audience or access for the web site • Intranet: network closed behind company’s firewall and only accessible to the employees of the company • Extranet:available on the Internet but is typically password protected and only accessible to company’s trading partners • Internet:accessible to the general public • Other categories for web site access and audience: • B2C: Business to Consumer sites (eg, eBay & Amazon.com) • B2B: Business to Business sites between trading partners – involves about 70% of transactions occurring over Internet E-Business Instructor Guide

  9. M I D D W A R E Web Model for Applications vs Client/Server CLIENT User sends server requests via Browser Internet L E Target Server Environment Web Server CGI Program Business SERVER Images Function API Static Download Corporate HTML Files Database E-Business Instructor Guide

  10. Statelessness • A process in which each server request operates independently without any knowledge of previous requests or responses • The server performs its duties, builds the appropriate page, and sends it back - and then forgets that you exist • This is efficient for the server to do since it may get requests from thousands of visitors a day • Each visitor could, at any time, jump to another server and forget about the conversation it had initiated with the previous server. A web user rarely “signs off” from a server it goes to E-Business Instructor Guide

  11. Statelessness • “Stateless” nature of web application development is a paradigm shift for legacy programmers • In typical legacy development, using languages such as COBOL and RPG, Function A calls Function B, which puts a screen out for the user and then waits for the user’s response before moving to the next line of code for processing • Event model for desktop programming languages and Object Oriented programming in Java contribute to this shift, altering the previous modularized, procedural view of the programming world • Developing web applications, however, is made easier with web development tools such as LANSA E-Business Instructor Guide

  12. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) • Used as both a user interface and format for message or data interchange • A markup language for defining data using tags: • Unlike HTML, XML can be extended via tags defined by the developer • Tags are defined in a DTD (Document Type Definition) • Supports the use of stylesheets (or XSL): • XSL can be used by different interfaces to determine how the XML data should appear on a screen or browser • Becoming a standard message format for all kinds of data interchange, including wireless applications E-Business Instructor Guide

  13. Stages of eBusiness Web Sites • Stage 1: Initial Web Presence • Stage 2: Basic Intelligence • Stage 3: eBusiness Web Applications • Stage 4: Innovation, eCRM, and ASPs • Stage 5: Trading Partner Relationships • Stage 6: Distributed Application Componentry E-Business Instructor Guide

  14. Stage 1: Initial Web Presence • Web more or less seen as another marketing vehicle • Basic company and product information, along with graphics, may be displayed in a dynamic, brochure-style format, but the web site is “static” • Site delivered either through a third party – like an Internet Service Provider (ISP) – or via an in house web system infrastructure • Minimal to no IT involvement • Primary skills are marketing, graphics design, basic web publishing/HTML • Does not integrate with back end business systems • Therefore, no implementation of eBusiness applications E-Business Instructor Guide

  15. Stage 2: Basic Intelligence • Deploys features to make a web site more dynamic: • Fill-in forms for collecting information • Ad banner or partner links • Fancy visual interfaces using JavaScript, Java Applets, or plug-ins like Shockwave • Forms store user’s input in database files on a server • CGI programs or Java Servlets initiate programs, files, and tables that developers create on the server • Web serving tools may include LANSA for the Web, Domino, Java, Perl, Net.Data, and RPG/CGI E-Business Instructor Guide

  16. Stage 3: eBusiness Web Applications • Providing application interfaces for key business processes, on the web, to partners, field staff, and customers is the beginning of eBusiness • Online security becomes important consideration • Authentication, firewall set-up, encryption techniques (usually Secure Sockets Layer – SSL), and various mechanisms to protect an organization from malicious attacks • Visitor tracking and statistical reporting of activity on the site is addressed • Assists an organization in making decisions about web content and functionality E-Business Instructor Guide

  17. Stage 4: Innovation, eCRM, ASPs • Collaboration • Chat rooms, discussion forums, online customer service, and electronic bulletin boards • Personalization • Content delivery & management based on knowledge of the customer and the customer’s past buying behaviors • “Marketing to One” philosophy • Electronic Customer Relationship Management (eCRM) • Innovation • Application Service Provider (ASP) model • Combining ASP model with eCRM technologies E-Business Instructor Guide

  18. Stage 5: Trading Partners • Partners arise out of former competitors: • All parties expect to exchange transactional information in real time • Examples of businesses entering this stage: • See notes… • Comparison of 3 models of B2B eCommerce solutions: • Supplier Oriented B2B • Buyer Oriented B2B • Marketplace B2B • See next slide for graphic of these models… E-Business Instructor Guide

  19. Stage 5: Trading Partners:B2B eCommerce Models E-Business Instructor Guide

  20. Stage 6: Distributed Application Componentry • Businesses seek dynamic interoperability over the Internet between applications residing on separate platforms, in different trading partners’ organizations • SOAP • Technology allowing a framework for exchanging information in a decentralized, distributed, dynamic environment • Also allows reusable software modules, accessible over the web, for extending core business applications • Guiding standards are Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration (UDDI) E-Business Instructor Guide

  21. Wireless or Pervasive Computing • Only a matter of time until the world of wireless computing further affects the way business is run: • When handheld devices can do voice communications, email, and web surfing with full access to line of business applications from wherever these devices are… • Emerging technologies and standards boards: • BlueTooth • Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) • Telematics E-Business Instructor Guide

  22. Summary • Evolution of business web sites: • Early pages of text-based information that included hyper-links and graphics to • More complex pages that included both client side and server side logic to • Highly functional eBusiness applications and • Finally now to dynamic trading partner capabilities • Requirement to integrate web interfaces with back end business processing systems continues to grow: • If a company does not have an online, full-scale order processing and order inquiry web interface for their core customer base, then they are falling behind the times • Innovations in eCRM, marketplace sites, wireless devices: • Challenging businesses to enhance web sites and eBusiness offerings E-Business Instructor Guide

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