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Fundamentals of Computers

Fundamentals of Computers. Input. Input is any data entered into the computer’s memory. Types of input include: Data – Unorganized information (words, numbers, images, or sounds) that the computer converts to meaningful information

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Fundamentals of Computers

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  1. Fundamentals of Computers

  2. Input • Input is any data entered into the computer’s memory. • Types of input include: • Data – Unorganized information (words, numbers, images, or sounds) that the computer converts to meaningful information • Software – Programs transferred from storage devices to the computer’s memory • Commands – Instructions that tell the computer what to do • Responses – Prompts requiring user feedback

  3. Input Devices: Giving Commands Keyboard Mouse Other Pointing Devices

  4. Audio Input • Computers can accept input from a microphone. • An expansion card called a sound card records and plays back sound files. • Sound files contain digitized sound data. • Popular sound file formats include: • Windows WAV • Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) • MP2 and MP3 • Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)

  5. Audio Input: Speech Recognition • Speech recognition is a type of input in which the computer recognizes words spoken into a microphone. • Special software and a microphone are required. • Latest technology uses continuous speech recognition where the user does not have to pause between words.

  6. Digital Input: Digital Cameras and Digital Video Digital Video Digital Cameras Click on the picture to play the video.

  7. Alternative Input Devices Fax Machines Scanners Flatbed Barcode reader

  8. Output Devices: Engaging our Senses • Output devices are peripheral devices that enable us to view or hear the computer’s processed data. • Visual output – Text, graphics, and video • Audio output – Sounds, music, and synthesized speech

  9. Monitors • A monitor is a peripheral device which displays computer output on a screen. • Screen output is referred to as soft copy. • Types of monitors: • Cathode-ray tube (CRT) • Liquid Crystal Display (LCD or flat-panel) CRT LCD

  10. Monitor Specifications • Screen size – The diagonal measurement of the screen surface in inches (15, 17, 19, 21) • Resolution – The sharpness of the image determined by the number of horizontal and vertical dots (pixels) that the screen can display (800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1600 x 1200) • Refresh rate – The speed at which the screen is redrawn (refreshed) and measured in Hertz (Hz) (60Hz, 75Hz)

  11. Printers • A printer is a peripheral device that produces a physical copy or hard copy of the computer’s output.

  12. Inkjet printer, also called a bubble-jet, makes characters by inserting dots of ink onto paper Letter-quality printouts Cost of printer is inexpensive but ink is costly Laser printer works like a copier Quality determined by dots per inch (dpi) produced Color printers available Expensive initial costs but cheaper to operate per page Types of Printers Laser Inkjet

  13. Plotter • A plotter is a printer that uses a pen that moves over a large revolving sheet of paper. • It is used in engineering, drafting, map making, and seismology.

  14. Audio Output: Sound Cards and Speakers • Audio output is the ability of the computer to output sound. • Two components are needed: • Sound card – Plays contents of digitized recordings • Speakers– Attach to sound card Click an icon to play music. Click the icon again to stop playing. Try clicking on Cheers while playing music. WMA MIDI MP3 WAV Beethoven 1:15 min Rocky 2:56 min Hornsby 48 sec Cheers 15 sec

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