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CCNA

CCNA. CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE. Main Objectives. Understand the physical connection that has to take place for a computer to connect to the Internet. Recognize the components that comprise the computer. Install and troubleshoot network interface cards and/or modems.

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CCNA

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  1. CCNA CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE

  2. Main Objectives • Understand the physical connection that has to take place for a computer to connect to the Internet. • Recognize the components that comprise the computer. • Install and troubleshoot network interface cards and/or modems. • Use basic testing procedures to test the Internet connection. • Demonstrate a basic understanding of the use of web browsers and plug-ins

  3. Computer Basics • Small, Discrete Components • Personal Computer Subsystems • Backplane Components

  4. Electronic Components • Capacitor • stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field • Connector • the part of a cable that plugs into a port or an interface • Integrated circuit (IC) • a device made of semiconductor material; it contains many transistors and performs a specific task

  5. Electronic Components • Light emitting diode • a semiconductor device that emits light when a current passes through it • Resistor • a device made of a material thatopposes the flow of electric current • Transistor • a device that amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit

  6. Personal Computer Subsystems • Bus • collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of the computer to another; connects all the internal computer components to the CPU (ISA and PCI) • CD-ROM drive • a compact disk read-only memory drive; a device that can read information from a CD-ROM • Central processing unit (CPU) • the brains of the computer where most calculations take place

  7. Personal Computer Subsystems • Expansion card • a printed circuit board you can insert into a computer to give it added capabilities • Expansion slot • an opening in a computer where acircuit board can be added • Floppy disk drive • a disk drive that can read or write to floppy disks • Hard disk drive • a device that reads and writes data on a hard disk

  8. Personal Computer Subsystems • Microprocessor • a silicon chip that contains a CPU • Motherboard • the main printed circuit board of a microprocessor • Power supply • the component that supplies the power to a computer • Printed circuit board (PCB) • a thin plate on which chips (ICs) and other electronic components are placed

  9. Personal Computer Subsystems • Random access memory (RAM) • RAM can have new data written into it and stored data read from it; a drawback of RAM is that it requires electrical power to maintain data storage • Read-only memory (ROM) • computer memory on which data hasbeen prerecorded • System unit • the main part of a PC; the system unit includes the chassis, the microprocessor, the main memory, the bus, and the ports

  10. Hard drive interfaces • interface is the way the drive communicates with the computer; a sort of language that allows the drive and the computer to talk to each other • IDE, SCSI • most controller circuitry is placed directly on the hard drive

  11. Modems • modem converts digital data from its local computer into analog tones and pulses that can be sent over the telephone lines • two basic types--internal/external

  12. The Power Supply • converts AC from wall outlet to DC used by computers • contains fan and AC/DC converter

  13. Backplane Components • Backplane • the large circuit board that contains slots for expansion cards • Interface • a piece of hardware such as a modem connector that allows two devices to be connected • Mouse port • a port designed to connect a mouse to a PC

  14. Backplane Components • Network card • an expansion board inserted into a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network • Parallel port • an interface capable of transferring more than one bit simultaneously; used to connect external devices such as printers • Port • an interface on a computer to which you can connect an electronic device

  15. Backplane Components • Power cord • a cord used to connect computer to electrical outlet • Serial port • an interface that can be used for serial communi-cation in which only one bit is transmitted at a time • Sound card • an expansion card that handles all sound functions • Video card • a board that plugs into a PC to give it display capabilities

  16. Information Flow Information and electric power are constantly flowing in a PC. • Boot instructions—stored in ROM until they are sent out • Software applications—stored in RAM after they are loaded • RAM and ROM—constantly talk to the CPU through the bus • Application information—stored in RAM while applications are being used • Saved information—flows from RAM to some form of storage device • Exported information—flows from RAMand the CPU through the bus and expansion slots to the printer, the video card, the sound card, or the network card

  17. An Idealized Computer

  18. What’s in that box?

  19. Inside a Computer

  20. An Idealized Computer: Information Flow

  21. Network Interface Cards • printed circuit board that provides network capability to computer • also called a LAN adapter • can be designed as an Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI card

  22. Network Interface Cards • communicate through a serial connection • Each card requires an IRQ, an I/O address, and an upper memory address to work with DOS/WIN95. • To configure TCP/IP LAN settings in a Windows machine, use the Control Panel icon, Network.

  23. Network Interface Cards • Considerations: • type of network (Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI) • type of media (CAT5, fiber, wireless) • type of system bus either PCI/ISA or PCMCIA, which is used on laptops) • To change a PCs network speed from 10Mbps to 100Mbps, you need to upgrade the NIC.

  24. TCP/IP • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network. To enable TCP/IP on the workstation, it must be configured using the operating system tools. The process is very similar whether using a Windows or Mac operating system.

  25. TESTING CONNECTIVITY • The ping command works by sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination. Each packet sent is a request for a reply. The output response for a ping contains the success ratio and round-trip time to the destination. From this information, it is possible to determine if there is connectivity to a destination. • ping 127.0.0.1 • Ping 195.14.130.220

  26. Plug-ins allow the browser to display proprietary file types. Web Browsers software that interprets hypertext markup language (HTML)

  27. Flash/Shockwave Plug Ins work in conjunction with browser to launch the program required to view the special, properiety files

  28. Troubleshooting Internet connection problems • Define the problem • Gather the facts • Consider the possibility • Create action plan • Implement plan • Observe results • Document results

  29. Computer systems only understand “on” and “off” or “1s” and “0s.” Computer systems use a binary numbering system rather than decimal. Decimal numbering system uses 10 symbols; they are 0-9. Computer systems use a Base 2 system. Binary Number System 8 bits = 1 byte A bit is a binary digit used in the binary numbering system, either 0 or 1.

  30. Binary Number System

  31. Binary Number System (1, 128) =128+ (0, 64) = 0+ (0, 32) = 0+ (1, 16) =16 + (0, 8) =0+ (0, 4) =0+ (0, 2) =0+ (1, 1) =1= 145

  32. Binary Number System

  33. Binary Number System

  34. Binary Number System

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