1. Gas-Liquid Horizontal Flow José L.H. Faccini and Paulo A.B. Sampaio Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear CNEN Brazil Jian Su Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brasil PASI 2007, August 2007, Mar del Plata, Argentina

2. Collaborators Prof. Jen-Shih Chang, McMaster Prof. Glenn Harvel, Univ Ontario Inst Tech Tatiana Masala, AECL Dr. Carlos Lamy, IEN/CNEN Jurandyr Cunha de Souza, COPPE/UFRJ

3. Gas-liquid two-phase stratified and intermittent horizontal flow using ultrasonic and high-speed visualization techniques

4. (Hewitt, Nuclear Eng. Design, 2005)

5. Two-Phase Flow – Steady State Operation • Steady state operation of two-phase flow in pipes means that the flow rate of the fluids (gas and liquid) are constant; • As a result, the conditions at any point in the pipe remains constant: the flow pattern, average void fraction, average pressure drop and average local flow rates do not vary with time; • two flow seldom is a truly steady state flow and averaging values are used over a time period characteristic of the flow pattern.

6. Gas-Liquid Vertical Flow

7. Gas-Liquid Horizontal Flow

8. Flow Regime Map

9. Definition of Basic Parameters Void fraction and liquid holdup Gas and liquid superficial velocities Gas and liquid (phase) velocities Volumetric fraction or nonslip holdup

10. Experimental Techniques Masala (2004)

11. Gas-Liquid Horizontal Flow Rig

12. Experimental flow regimes

13. Experimental Setup

14. Experimental Setup

15. Doppler Flowmeter Doppler ultrasonic flowmeters operate on the Doppler effect, whereby the transmitted frequency is altered linearly by being reflected from particles and bubbles in the fluid. The net result is a frequency shift between transmitter and receiver frequencies that can be directly related to the flow rate.

16. Transit Time/Transmission Technique

17. Pulse-Echo Technique Chang et al. (1982) e Morala e Chang (1986).

18. Dia:12/11/05 Hora:18:01:35 Valores Observações 3,949E-5Arquivo escoamento_ST_000.txt 3,924E-5Arquivo escoamento_ST_001.txt 3,928E-5Arquivo escoamento_ST_002.txt 7,444E-5Arquivo escoamento_ST_003.txt 3,932E-5Arquivo escoamento_ST_004.txt 3,994E-5Arquivo escoamento_ST_005.txt Ultrasonic Techniques

19. Ultrasonic Techiques

20. Liquid level measurement calibration

21. Liquid thickness in stratified flow

22. Gas-liquid horizontal flow setup (McMaster)

23. Multiplexer Motor Controller DMC 1800 Winspect Software … PC CS12100 Card 1 2 3 4 Transducers 3 1 Transducers UG UL 2 4 Ultrasonic System for Two-Phase Flow Masala (2004), Masala, Harvel, Su, Chang (2007)

24. Slug flow

25. Plug flow

26. Visualization System

27. Smooth Stratified Flow

28. Wavy Stratified Flow

29. Plug Flow

30. Slug Flow

31. An elongated bubble

32. Plug front and tail velocity – Ultrasonic measurement

33. Bubble nose and tail velocity - Visualization

34. Acknowledgement CNPq, FAPERJ, CAPES of Brazil PASI 2007 Organizers Thank you for attention.