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Chapter 3 : Distributed Data Processing

Chapter 3 : Distributed Data Processing. Business Data Communications, 6e. Centralized Data Processing. Centralized computers, processing, data, control, support What are the advantages? Economies of scale (equipment and personnel) Lack of duplication Ease in enforcing standards, security.

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Chapter 3 : Distributed Data Processing

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  1. Chapter 3 : Distributed Data Processing Business Data Communications, 6e

  2. Centralized Data Processing • Centralized computers, processing, data, control, support • What are the advantages? • Economies of scale (equipment and personnel) • Lack of duplication • Ease in enforcing standards, security

  3. Centralized Data Processing May Consist Of: • Centralized Computers • Centralized Processing • Centralized Data • Centralized Control • Centralized Support Staff

  4. Distributed Data Processing • Computers are dispersed throughout organization • Allows greater flexibility in meeting individual needs • More redundancy • More autonomy

  5. Why is DDP Increasing? • Dramatically reduced hardware costs • Dramatically increased distributed processing capabilities • Dramatically increased need for new applications and shorter development times • Ability to share data across multiple servers

  6. DDP Pros & Cons • There are no “one-size-fits-all” solutions • Key issues • How does it affect end-users? • How does it affect management? • How does it affect productivity? • How does it affect bottom-line?

  7. Responsiveness Availability Correspondence to Org. Patterns Resource Sharing Incremental Growth Increased User Involvement & Control Decentralized Operation & Control End-user Productivity Distance & Location Independence Privacy & Security Vendor Independence Flexibility Benefits of DDP

  8. More difficulty test & failure diagnosis More dependence on communication technology Incompatibility of components Incompatibility of data More complex management & control Difficulty in control of corporate information resources Suboptimal procurement Duplication of effort Data integrity Security Drawbacks of DDP

  9. Client/Server Architecture • Combines advantages of distributed and centralized computing • Cost-effective, achieves economies of scale • Flexible, scalable approach

  10. Intranets • Uses Internet-based standards & TCP/IP • Content is accessible only to internal users • A specialized form of client/server architecture • Can be managed (unlike Internet)

  11. Extranets • Similar to intranet, but provides access to controlled number of outside users • Vendors/suppliers • Customers Utilizing Web technologies

  12. Distributed applications • Vertical partitioning • One application dispersed among systems • Example: Retail chain POS, inventory, analysis • Horizontal partitioning • Different applications on different systems • One application replicated on systems • Example: Office automation

  13. Other Forms of DDP • Distributed devices • Example: ATM machines • Network management • Centralized systems provide management and control of distributed nodes

  14. Distributed data • Centralized database • Pro: No duplication of data • Con: Contention for access • Replicated database • Pro: No contention • Con: High storage and data reorg/update costs • Partitioned database • Pro: No duplication, limited contention • Con: Ad hoc reports more difficult to assemble

  15. Networking Implications • Connectivity requirements • What links between components are necessary? • Availability requirements • Percentage of time application or data is available to users • Performance requirements • Response time requirements

  16. Database Management Systems • Structured collection of data for multiple applications to use • Query language provides uniform access

  17. Database Organization • Centralized – Common databases accessed by all processors • Replicated - Copy of central database stored at each processor • Partitioned – Individual databases for each processor

  18. Centralized Databases • AdvantagesNo duplication of dataLittle reorganization required • DisadvantagesContention among multiple processors accessing a single databaseSlow response timeSingle point of failure

  19. Replicated Databases • AdvantagesNo processor-database contentionShorter response time During failure, new copy can be obtained • DisadvantagesHigh storage costRedundant updates requiredHigh reorganization costs

  20. Partitioned Databases • AdvantagesNo duplication of dataSize of database determined by application needsShort response time • DisadvantagesAd hoc management reports must access multiple databases

  21. Networking Implications • What are the connectivity needs? • What are the availability needs? • What are the performance needs?

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