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Introduction to ROS in the Cardiovascular System

Introduction to ROS in the Cardiovascular System. John F. Keaney, Jr., M.D. UMass Medical School Worcester, MA. Role of ROS in CV Disease: Antiquated. NEJM, 1997. Impaired Physiologic Function. Impaired Physiologic Function. Random Oxidation. Specific Signal Pathways. Normal.

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Introduction to ROS in the Cardiovascular System

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  1. Introduction to ROS inthe Cardiovascular System John F. Keaney, Jr., M.D. UMass Medical School Worcester, MA

  2. Role of ROS in CV Disease: Antiquated NEJM, 1997

  3. Impaired Physiologic Function Impaired Physiologic Function Random Oxidation Specific Signal Pathways Normal Decreased Repair Decreased Adaptive Responses Vascular and Myocardial Disease Antioxidant Defenses Enzymatic Systems: CAT, SOD, GPX Non-enzymatic systems: Glutathione Vitamins Endogenous Sources Mitochondria Peroxisomes Lipoxygenases NADPH Oxidases Cytochrome P450 ROS/RNS Homeostasis Vascular and Myocardial Disease Adapted from Finkel and Holbrook, 2007

  4. NADPH Oxidases Neutrophil “Burst” Oxidase NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Enzyme Family Bedard and Krause, Physiol. Rev. 2007;87

  5. Contemporary ROS and CV System:Major Areas of Influence Cardiac Function Hypertrophy Angiogenesis Vascular Repair Atherosclerosis Hypertension

  6. Contemporary ROS and CV System:Major Areas of Influence Cardiac Function Hypertrophy Angiogenesis Vascular Repair Atherosclerosis Hypertension

  7. NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Enzyme Family Bedard and Krause, Physiol. Rev. 2007;87

  8. Nox2 Influences Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction • Less pathologic heart remodeling • Reduced change to the fetal gene program • Less apoptosis Hypertension. 2008 Feb;51(2):319-25

  9. NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Enzyme Family Bedard and Krause, Physiol. Rev. 2007;87

  10. Trans Aortic Constriction Model WT TAC

  11. Cardiac Nox4 is Deleterious in Pressure Overload • Less pathologic hypertrophy • Improved function (ejection fraction) • Less apoptosis Kuroda J et al. PNAS 2010;107:15565-15570

  12. Nox4 Impacts Multiple ROS Sources Kuroda J et al. PNAS 2010;107:15565-15570

  13. Interaction of ROS Sources Cave et. al. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 8, 691–728

  14. Contemporary ROS and CV System:Major Areas of Influence Cardiac Function Hypertrophy Angiogenesis Vascular Repair Atherosclerosis Hypertension

  15. NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Enzyme Family Bedard and Krause, Physiol. Rev. 2007;87

  16. NADPH Oxidase Activity and Atherosclerosis * • ApoE(-/-) mice with or without p47phox • Animals on chow followed for 30 weeks • ROS production measured by DHE staining • Atherosclerosis determined by aortic lipid content *P<0.05 * Barry-Lane et al. J. Clin. Invest. 2001;108:1513

  17. What about hypertension?

  18. Renin-Angiotensin System

  19. NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Enzyme Family Bedard and Krause, Physiol. Rev. 2007;87

  20. Nox2 and Hypertension • Less ROS produced from blood vessels • Less rise in blood pressure • Less vascular hypertrophy Landmesser, U. et al. Hypertension 2002;40:511-515

  21. Not all ROS sources are equal!

  22. NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Enzyme Family Bedard and Krause, Physiol. Rev. 2007;87

  23. BP and Hypertrophy are Distinct Ang II Infusion Matsuno, K. et al. Circulation 2005;112:2677-2685

  24. Contemporary ROS and CV System:Major Areas of Influence Cardiac Function Hypertrophy Angiogenesis Vascular Repair Atherosclerosis Hypertension

  25. NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Enzyme Family Bedard and Krause, Physiol. Rev. 2007;87

  26. Bone Marrow Nox2 is Important for Ischemia-Induced Angiogenesis • Lack of Nox2 impairs ischemia-induced angiogenesis • This effect is most prominent in bone marrow Urao, N. et al. Circ Res 2008;103:212-220

  27. IEL IEL Nox2 Modifies Arterial Injury Wild-type, 28d Nox2-/- , 28d Chen et al., PNAS 2004;101:13014-13019

  28. How about other ROS Sources?

  29. Mitochondrial ROS are Important for Hypoxic Responses Guzy et al. , Cell Metabolism, 2005

  30. Take Home Points • ROS are ubiquitous, and serve as cellular messengers • ROS responses are generally linked to injury and repair responses • ROS sources and the regulation of these sources has, thus far, proven the most fruitful means of impacting disease • NADPH oxidases are one important source of ROS in the cardiovascular system

  31. What we do not yet know • Which source(s) of ROS are specific for certain pathologic disorders • How do the different source(s) of ROS relate to each other • What are the “normal” mechanisms for specificity of ROS species • Which ROS/RNS are most important in specific disease(s)

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