Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

1. Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845 Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

3. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

4. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

5. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

6. Why Increased Democratization? • White male suffrage increased • Party nominating committees. • Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. • Spoils system. • Rise of Third Parties. • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) • Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: • Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854) • Democrats (1828)

7. Jackson's Early Life

8. Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

9. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

10. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

11. Jackson's First Presidential Run

12. The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

13. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC] William H. Crawford[GA]

14. Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

15. Characteristics Puritanical honor – Great popularity Plans for Administration Construction of roads, canals, national university, astronomical observatory Means higher tariffs Cherokee were dealt with fairly by JQA – but Georgia resisted those attempts of equal treatment Yankee Misfit in the White House

16. Under John Q. Adams – voting rights expanded because many states eliminated property qualifications 1824 election 355, 000 Americans voted or 26.9% of the electorate 1828 1.1 million Americans voted or 57.6% of the electorate voted – giving A Jackson the presidency States Expand Voting Rights

17. What were the key issues in 1828?

18. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

19. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

20. 1828 Election Results

21. The Center of Population in theCountry Moves WEST

22. Jackson won the popular vote and the EC Jackson received support from the South and West while New England States liked Adams Political gravity shifting away from the north – (Essex Junto/ Hartford convention anyone?) Adams still had a great political career – getting elected to the House of Reps Jacksonian Revolution

23. Orphaned at the age of 14 Received little formal education Elected to represent TN in congress before the age of 30 Famous for the Battle of New Orleans in the 1812 War Captured Spanish Florida – Took part in 5 duels killing 1 of his adversaries People’s President

24. Personal Battles Dysentery, malaria, tuberculosis, lead poisoning Characteristics Rough, jack of all trades, genuine folk hero Violent temper, got into many duels From the west – lived in a fine Mansion (the Hermitage) Ignored the Supreme Court on Occasion – used the veto 12 times “Inaugeral Bowl” King Mob Advent of Old Hickory

25. The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier • State Politicians – spoils system • Immigrants in the cities.

26. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

27. The Reign of “King Mob”

28. Andrew Jackson as President

29. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

30. “Matty” or the “Little Magician” “Eaton Malaria” Maysville Road Veto Cabinet Crisis & National Set Back

31. The Tariff Issue

32. Tariff of Abominations – 1828 --- many South Carolinians threatened to secede John C. Calhoun – The South Carolina Exposition and Protest Robert Hayne (SC) & Daniel Webster (MA) Debates Jackson Position – “Our Federal Union is tmust be Preserved” Nullification Crisis

33. Congresses passes the Tariff of 1832 – considerably less on the % of tax on imports SC not satisfied --- adopted an Ordinance of Nullification Jackson considers this treason – orders a war ship to Charleston FORCE BILL Henry Clay – Great Compromiser

34. 1832 Tariff Conflict • 1828 -->“Tariff of Abomination” • 1832 --> new tariff • South Carolina’s reaction? • Jackson’s response? • Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

35. The Nullification Issue

36. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster[MA] Sen. Robert Hayne[SC]

37. 1830 Webster:Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

38. Jackson's Native-American Policy

39. Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? • 1830 Indian Removal Act • Cherokee Nation v. GA(1831)* “domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA(1832) • Jackson:John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

40. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

41. Indian Removal

42. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

43. Jackson’s Professed “Love” forNative Americans

44. Renewing the Charter of the 1st National Bank

45. Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830 Maysville Roadproject in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

46. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle

47. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S. “Soft”(paper) $ “Hard”(specie) $ • state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely. • supported rapid economic growth & speculation. • felt that coin was the only safecurrency. • didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes. • suspicious of expansion &speculation.

48. The “Monster” Is Destroyed! • “pet banks”? • 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. • 1836  the charter expired. • 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

49. Jackson regarded the bank as a monopoly that benefited the wealthy Jackson crushes the BUS Removed Federal Money from BUS and placed it in state banks (PET BANKS) ---- WILD CAT BANKS BUS – called in loans and stopped lending (Nicholaus Biddle) Leads to Panic of 1837 Jackson & BUS

50. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”