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THE FROG

THE FROG. Taxonomy. AMERICAN BULLFROG Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Amphibia Order: Salientia Family:Ranidae Genus: Rana Species: catesbeiana. AMERICAN TOAD K: Animalia P: Chordata SP: Vertebrata C: Amphibia O:Anura F: Bufobidae G: Bufo

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THE FROG

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  1. THE FROG

  2. Taxonomy • AMERICAN BULLFROG • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Subphylum: Vertebrata • Class: Amphibia • Order: Salientia • Family:Ranidae • Genus: Rana • Species:catesbeiana • AMERICAN TOAD • K: Animalia • P: Chordata • SP: Vertebrata • C: Amphibia • O:Anura • F: Bufobidae • G: Bufo • S: americanus

  3. Class Amphibia • “having 2 lives” • Tadpoles live in water • Frogs return to the water to lay eggs • Skin must stay moist (what other organism does this) • What is metamorphosis??

  4. FROG’S HEAD AND STRUCTURES • Eyes are retractable to aid in swallowing prey • Has a 3rd eyelid; (NICTATING MEMBRANE), protects and keeps eye moist • Nostrils on top of head, can breathe underwater • No external ears; (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE); eardrum behind the eyes • Tongue is attached at the front of the mouth so it can flip out and attack prey • VOMERINE TEETH: extend inside from the bones in the roof of the mouth • MAXILLARY TEETH: project from upper jaw, holds prey

  5. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • ALIMENTARY CANAL: long food tube • Route food follows: • Mouth • (elastic) gullet • Stomach • Pyloric Valve • Duodenum • Ileum • Colon (Large Intestines) • Cloaca

  6. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • Three lobed liver (large) • Gall bladder: dark green and found under the liver • Pancreas: pink; found in fold of the stomach • Mucous Glands: in the walls of the stomach and small intestines • Cloaca: exit for urine, solid waste, and gametes

  7. RESPIRATION • Can receive oxygen through the inside of the mouth; moist skin, lungs • The frog breathes by manipulating the floor of its mouth, nose is also involved in breathing • Can also take in O2 by just pulling air into the mouth where O2 exchange occurs (lungs not involved) • Breathing through skin is called “cutaneous respiration”; this occurs during quiet times such as hiberanation • Lungs are not too complex

  8. EXCRETION • Most of CO2 is gotten rid of thru skin • 2 kidneys found on either side of spine on dorsal surface • Kidneys filter the blood • Renal arteries bring dirty blood in and renal veins take the cleaned blood out of the kidney

  9. REPRODUCTION • Male: has enlarged thumb to hold the female during mating • Sperm pass to the kidneys and on to the cloaca • Female: eggs enlarge during breeding and break the thin ovary walls • The eggs move through the body cavity anteriorly to the oviducts- “funnels” to move the eggs to the cloaca • The male holds the female while she releases the eggs and he immediately releases sperm • DIRECT, EXTERNAL FERTILAZATION

  10. CIRCULATORY • 3 CHAMBERED HEART • 2 partially divided atria, 1 ventricle • Blood moves in 2 loops: 1st to lung, back to heart; 2nd to body back to heart. • Inefficient because both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood goes out due to the PARTIALLY DIVIDED ATRIA

  11. CIRCULATORY • REPTILIA: 3 ½ chambers; 2 atria and 2 partially divided ventricles • Exothermic • AVES AND MAMMALIA: 4 chambers • Endothermic

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