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Postwar Europe

After the fall of fascist governments across Europe, communism began to take root, particularly in Eastern Europe. The Yalta Conference highlighted disagreements between the Allied powers—Soviet Union, Great Britain, and the U.S.—over reparations and the division of Germany. The Potsdam conference reaffirmed these divisions. The Nuremberg Trials sought justice for Nazi war crimes, while Japan underwent significant reforms under U.S. occupation. With the emergence of the Cold War, the world became bi-polar, birthing the nuclear arms race and establishing alliances that shaped global politics for decades.

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Postwar Europe

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  1. Postwar Europe

  2. Fascist governments gone in most of Europe • Paves the way for communism to take over

  3. Yalta Conference (3 Powers) • Soviet Union (Stalin) • Great Britain (Churchill) • U.S. (Roosevelt)

  4. Yalta • Western powers disagree with Russia over reparations and new German boundaries • 1. Territory • Germany divided into 4 sections • 2. Reparations • Allies want to help rebuild Germany • U.S.S.R. wants $10 Billion

  5. Potsdam • Big 3 • Soviet Union (Stalin) • Great Britain (Atlee) • U.S. (Truman) • Communists have already taken over parts of Eastern Europe

  6. After the War • Nuremberg • Trial of 24 captured Nazi leaders • 12 hanged, 9 life in prison, 3 acquitted • Nazi Party declared illegal • Denazification – remove Nazi officials from government positions (didn’t work)

  7. Japan • 2 million dead • U.S occupies Japan • Demilitarization – disbanding Japanese forces • Tojo found guilty of war crimes – hanged (6 others) • Democracy formed (Parliamentary democracy – like England) – MacArthur Constitution • Allowed to keep emperor, but position as “God” was devalued and becomes constitutional monarch • Japan and U.S. become Allies

  8. Costs – Lives and Money • Russia most casualties…again • Total • 55 – 60 million • 1st war where more civilians die than military • U.S. • $288 billion ($2 trillion current) • Germany • $212 billion

  9. Results of WWII • United Nations formed • Communism stays in China • Russia controls Manchuria • Allows way for communism to creep into Korea/Vietnam • Eastern European communism (Cold War)

  10. Results of WWII cont. • World is Bi-Polar • U.S./U.S.S.R. become enemies • Beginning of Nuclear Arms race and Atomic Age • Soviets make bomb in 1949 • Japan occupied by U.S. • Leads to improved Japanese economy • Marshall Plan – $12 Billion to rebuild Europe

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