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Elements of Poetry. The Basics of Understanding Poetry. Overall Learning Targets. I can define, identify and analyze the elements of poetry individually and as used in a poem. I can identify the defining characteristics of seven types of poetry. Metaphors & Similes.
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Elements of Poetry The Basics of Understanding Poetry
Overall Learning Targets • I can define, identify and analyze the elements of poetry individually and as used in a poem. • I can identify the defining characteristics of seven types of poetry.
Metaphors & Similes Metaphor: A comparison NOT using like/as Simile: A comparison using like/as Examples: “I wandered lonely as a cloud / that floats on high o’er vales and hills” (Wordsworth 1-2) “ ‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers / That perches in the soul — / And sings the tune without the words — / And never stops — at all” (Dickinson 1-4)
Personification Personification: An object, animal, or idea given human attributes Example: “The rain plays a little sleep song on our roof at night” (Hughes 6)
Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia: When a sound of a word imitates its natural sound Example: Onomatopoeia by Eve Merriam The rusty spigotsputters,uttersa splutter,spatters a smattering of drops,gashes wider;slashsplattersscattersspurtsfinally stops sputteringand plash!gushes rushes splashesclear water dashes.
Alliteration Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words Example: “Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, / Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before” (Poe 25-26)
Assonance & Consonance Assonance: Repetition of internal vowel sounds Example: “But he grew old —This knight so bold —And o'er his heart a shadowFell as he foundNo spot of groundThat looked like Eldorado.” (Poe ) Consonance: Repetition of internal or ending consonant sounds Example: “Blue with all malice, like a madman's flash; / And thinly drawn with famishing for flesh.”
Synecdoche Synecdoche: A figure of speech in which a part represents the whole Example:"I should have been a pair of ragged claws /Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.“ (Eliot 73-74)
Hyperbole Hyperbole: An exaggeration used for emphasis or effect Example: “I’ll love you, dear, I’ll love youTill China and Africa meet,And the river jumps over the mountainAnd the salmon sing in the street,I’ll love you till the oceanIs folded and hung up to dry” (Auden)
Symbolism Symbol: An object, person, place, or action that represents something else Example: “Ah Sunflower, weary of time, / Who countest the steps of the sun; / Seeking after that sweet golden clime / Where the traveler’s journey is done;” (Blake)
Speaker Speaker: The created narrative voice for the poem. Note: The speaker is not necessarily the poet. The poet often invents a character or persona to fulfill the role of the speaker.
Tone & Mood Tone: The poet’s attitude toward his/her subject Mood: The emotional atmosphere of the poem The difference: Tone comes from the author and is determined based on word choice. Mood describes how the reader might feel while reading the author’s words.
Rhyme & Rhythm Rhyme Scheme: A pattern of rhyming words Rhythm: Rhythm refers to the pattern of sounds made by varying the stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem.
Types of Poems Sonnet: 14 lines, iambic pentameter, rhyme scheme: ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG Narrative: A poem that tells a story Free verse:Unrhymed poem that does not follow a regular rhythm Blank verse: Unrhymed poems that follow the same rhythm Concrete: A poem shaped like the object it describes. Haiku: Three lines, 5-7-5 syllables Lyric: A rhyming poem that expresses personal and emotional feelings
