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The Census of Marine Life and NOAA A Presentation to the NOAA Science Advisory Board

The Census of Marine Life and NOAA A Presentation to the NOAA Science Advisory Board. Andrew A. Rosenberg, Ph.D. Professor of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire U.S. National Committee Chair March 12, 2008. Purpose.

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The Census of Marine Life and NOAA A Presentation to the NOAA Science Advisory Board

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  1. The Census of Marine Life and NOAAA Presentation to the NOAA Science Advisory Board Andrew A. Rosenberg, Ph.D. Professor of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire U.S. National Committee Chair March 12, 2008

  2. Purpose • Introduce Science Advisory Board members to the work of the Census of Marine Life • Relate the Census to the ongoing work of NOAA • Explore the potential of NOAA as a home for the Census after 2010.

  3. Census of Marine Life The first Census of Marine Life is a decade-long research program to assess and explain the diversity, distribution & abundance of marine life - past, present & future All ocean realms: Nearshore to Abyss All taxa: Marine Microbes to Mammals Major integrative reports at conclusion in 2010 2000 scientists in 80 countries

  4. CoML is uniquely diverse in scope • Discovering new species (5,300 since 2003) • Finding 20,000 kinds of bacteria in a single liter of sea water • Identifying over 50,000 seamounts, sampling 325 • DNA bar-coding on a ship at sea • new ship-based sonar technology mapping fish schools • Discovered the hottest hydrothermal vent ever recorded (407 ˚C) • A comprehensive list of species in the Gulf of Maine – 3,317 species • Establishing ‘listening curtains’ to track animal migrations from Alaska to Baja, California • Placing sensors on large animals like elephant seals to collect oceanographic data

  5. CoML ComponentsGrand Challenge Questions Oceans Past What did live in the oceans? History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) Oceans Present What does live in the oceans? Ocean Realm Field Projects Oceans Future What will live in the oceans? Future of Marine Animal Populations (FMAP) Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) Web-based provider of global geo-referenced information on marine species

  6. Ocean Realm Projects Human Edges Central Waters Hidden Boundaries Ice Oceans Microscopic Ocean • NaGISA - Natural Geography In Shore Areas • CReefs - Coral ReefEcosystems • GOMA - Gulf of Maine Area Census (Regional Ecosystem) • POST - Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking • TOPP - Tagging of Pacific Predators (Top Predators) • CMarZ - Census of Marine Zooplankton • MAR-ECO - Mid-Atlantic Ridge Ecosystems • CoMargE- Continental Margins Ecosystems • CeDAMar - Census of Diversity of Abyssal Marine Life • CenSeam - Census of Seamounts • ChEss - Chemosynthetic Ecosystems (Vents) • ArcOD - Arctic Ocean Diversity • CAML- Census of Antarctic Marine Life • ICOMM - International Census of Marine Microbes

  7. OBIS Interactive Website www.iobis.org

  8. HMAP Oceans Past: HMAP What Lived in the Oceans? Salem Beverly Ship Logs 150 Year Old Cod Fishery Decline of World’s Estuaries and Coastal Seas Has Accelerated in Last 150-300 Years CodBiomass Scotian Shelf Now <1% www.hmapcoml.org

  9. Oceans Future: FMAP What Will Live in the Oceans? Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services Loss of biodiversity profoundly reducing the ocean’s ability to produce seafood, resist diseases, filter pollutants, and rebound from overfishing, climate change Worm et al. Science, 3 November 2006

  10. Nearshore: NaGISANatural Geography of Inshore AreasGlobal Biodiversity Baseline Standard Protocol available online www.nagisa.coml.org

  11. Census of Coral Reefs: CReefs 2006 Cruise to French Frigate Shoals [NW HI NM]: Over 100 possible new species & species unknown in Shoals! www.creefs.org

  12. Regional Ecosystem: GoMA Gulf of Maine Area Program October 2006 Georges Bank Continental Shelf scale acoustic fish detection www.usm.maine.edu/gulfofmaine-census/ First extensive count of species in the region: 3,317 species or ~50% more than previously estimated by scientists

  13. Continental Shelf: POST Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Lines of receivers create coastal “curtains” across shelf Tagged animal crosses curtain and the occurrence is recorded in receiver

  14. Continental Margins: COMARGE Blue bars: # benthic cruises Purple bars: # submersible or ROV dives NOAA OE Expedition to the Deep SlopeMay 7 - June 2, 2006 First systematic exploration of hydrocarbon seep communities deeper than 1000m in the GoM AquaPix, Bob Carney Deep-sea realm between ~200 - 4000 m depth www.ifremer.fr/comarge/

  15. Census of Marine Zooplankton: CMarZ ~6,800 described species of marine metazoan and protozoan holozooplankton – and likely many new discovered by 2010 Exploring the Deep Sargasso Sea 10-30 April 2006 • Taxonomically comprehensive • Global-scale • Accurate & complete info on species diversity, biomass and biogeographical distributions • www.cmarz.org At-sea DNA sequencing!

  16. Seamounts: CenSeam Seamount – an isolated elevation rising 1000m (1km) or more from the seafloor and of limited extent across the summit Seamount biodiversity is poorly known [MSFCA 2006] New species of “Jurassic” shrimp, Neoglyphea neocaledonica, believed to be extinct 50 million years ago. Bertrand Richer de Forges

  17. Ice Oceans – Arctic and Antarctic ArcOD and CAML ArcOD leading Arctic Biodiversity under International Polar Year (IPY), coordinating 19 international independent research teams CAML leading Antarctic Biodiversity under International Polar Year (IPY) www.sfos.uaf.edu/research/arcdiv/index.html www.caml.aq

  18. Microscopic Ocean: ICOMM icomm.mbl.edu 20,000+ Kinds of Bacteria Found in 1 Liter of Seawater 454 “tag” sequencing reveals marine microbial diversity may be 10 to 100 times more than expected PNAS, 31July 2006 • Marine microbes… • Diversity • Evolution • Biogeography • Functional roles

  19. CoML Projects in the United States The US National Committee supports activities of these projects located throughout the US Gulf of Maine Project

  20. US CoML Funding • The Census of Marine Life initially a ten year program from 2000-2010 • Sloan Foundation main driver behind the CoML Program, pulling support in 2010 • Only ¼ of total CoML funding comes from the Sloan Foundation • Over 150 million in funding comes from the United States • Average of 33 Million in NEW US funding to CoML efforts each of the last 4 years

  21. Biodiversity Workshop- Results and Conclusions What Do We Measure, Why, and How? • Biodiversity relates to ecosystem services and resilience • Biodiversity conservation relates to ecosystem-based management • Biodiversity indicators can be integrative measures of ecosystem change Sponsored By:

  22. Ocean Observing Workshop- Results and Conclusions Objective: To demonstrate the importance of incorporating biological data, into the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). 5 Major Themes: Data standards; accessibility; Sampling protocols; interoperability; applications Target Data Sets: MARMAP, SEAMAP, CalCOFI, EPA Water Quality, Fisheries Surveys, USGS Surveys, Sea Bird/ Marine Mammal Surveys, MPA Center

  23. CoML in the United States Promote CoML and the value of biodiversity Challenges: • Sustaining the US CoML program beyond 2010 • Developing an OBIS to support US science, management and education needs CoML projects are relevant to: • Sustainable Fisheries • Marine Protected Areas • Habitat Loss and Pollution • Environmental Assessments • Invasive Species • Endangered Species • UN Convention on Biodiversity • Global Climate Change

  24. CoML Capability: Sample and estimate marine biodiversity from coastal to deep sea environments Developing new tools for coastal and ocean observation (DNA barcode library, animals as oceanographers, etc.) Past, present and future assessments of species distributions and abundance Exploring unknown ocean regions and biodiversity hotspots Building taxonomic expertise, public awareness, and appreciation for marine biodiversity CoML and NOAA Partnerships and Relevance NOAA’s Mission: • Monitor the state of the oceans • Integrated Earth observing system and data management system • Assessments and forecasts of coastal and marine ecosystems • Ocean exploration: • Capacity building and effective knowledge transfer

  25. A NOAA – COML Relationship • Incorporate OBIS into NOAA as a permanent home of a marine biodiversity data service • Utilize the COML research and field projects as a basis for helping meet NOAA mission components [Code of Conduct for Sample Collection] • Utilize COML as part of education and outreach for NOAA

  26. Issue Action: To form a subcommittee to work with the US National Committee for the Census to assess and figure out how to establish and carry forward the Census in support of NOAA's mission beyond 2010.

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