Chemistry 3A Spring 2009

1. Chemistry 3ASpring 2009 Brett Williams Lecture: TTh 6:00am-6:55 pm in: Cunn 301 Lab: TTh 7:00 pm-9:55 pm in: Cunn 301

2. I can be reached by: • E-mail: balero01@cs.com • E-mail: bwilliams@deltacollege.edu

3. Course Info • Lectures • Problem sets • Assigned homework • Quizzes • Lab exercises • Lab experiments • Worksheets • 4 Exams and 1 Final Exam

4. Lecture • Presented on computer overheads • Lecture notes are available • By downloading files (go to Adj. Faculty Site): www.deltacollege.edu/emp/bwilliams • Not required, but recommended • Lecture notes complement the textbook/assignments but attendance is essential to get all of the information you need

5. Problem Sets • Usually succeed the lecture • Several practice problems associated with the current lecture topic • These handouts will be covered in class • Problems are to assist you with homework assignments • Not collected or graded • Answers will be given or posted during the lab period

6. Homework • Assigned for each chapter • Problems are placed throughout the chapter • All odd numbered answers are placed at the end of the chapter • Not collected or graded • Not mandatory, but if you don’t do the HW (most likely) it will affect your performance on the quizzes

7. Quizzes • Five Chapter Quizzes • 20 pts each • No make-ups • Based on the homework assignments for that chapter • 20-30 minutes long • Given during the first hour • The best 4 of 5chapter quizzes are used in your total score • Two Name and Formula Quizzes for Chapter 5

8. Other Lab Assignments • Lab Exercises • Most will originate from your laboratory textbook • All exercises aregraded assignments • Worksheets • To be completed during lab period • A review to prepare for exams

9. Experiments • 10 experiments • 20 Points Each • Labs are due in one week (i.e., If the lab is done in class on Monday, the lab report is due the following Monday) • 60 % rule: Must meet this minimum score in lab to pass the course. No exceptions • The best 9 of 10 expt’s are used in your total score

10. Exams • Four Exams • Based on the chapters which are listed in the syllabus • 100 points each • All exams count in total score • Time: 2 hours to complete

11. Final Exam • Thursday, May 21st, 4 PM • 2 Hours • Cumulative Exam • 200 points

12. Grading Scale (Based on 1000 possible points) 90.0 - 100 % A 75.0 - 89.9 % B 60.0 - 74.9 % C 50.0 - 59.9% D < 50.0 % F

13. Required Materials • Textbook:Basic Chemistry, 2nd ed. by Timberlake & Timberlake • Laboratory Manual:Foundations of Chemistry in the Laboratory, 12th ed. by M. Hein, et al • Calculator • Safety Goggles & Lock

14. Laboratory Policy • No one may participate in lab wearing open toe / heel shoes. Watch what you wear on lab days. If you have inappropriate attire, you will NOT be allowed to complete the lab • Goggles must be worn during all lab experiments • Your attendance will be monitored

15. Chapter 1 Chemistry In Our Lives

16. Chemistry and Chemicals • Chemistry • The study of the properties and the behavior of matter • Composition, structure, and reactions • All things around you are composed of matter • Chemistry occurs around you everyday and affects everything you use and do. • It helps us to understand our world and how it works

17. Chemistry and Chemicals • Chemical processes occur in nature and happen around you all of the time • Chemistry (reactions) occurs when • food is cooked or baked • chlorine is added to a pool • batteries are used in a flashlight/radio • salt is added to sidewalks and roads • bleach is added to laundry

18. Chemical Processes • In nature • fermentation by microbes which converts sugars to alcohols • photosynthesis by plants to convert sunlight energy into chemical energy • leaves changing color due to the interaction of different pigments

19. Chemical Processes • In laboratories and in manufacturing • gasoline refining (distillation) • development of synthetic fibers (nylon, dacron) • new pharmaceuticals (design and synthesis) • water purification (water softening) • agriculture/food production (pesticides, fungicides, herbicides)

20. Chemistry and Chemicals • Everything around you is composed of chemicals • A chemical is a material used or produced in a chemical process (laboratory, manufacturing or natural). • A substance is a chemical that consists of one type of matter • It consists of two or more bound elements in a fixed ratio • Same composition and properties throughout • Substances that were developed by chemists are in use everyday • Soaps, toothpaste, lotion, clothing

21. Scientific Disciplines • Science is the study in which humans attempt to explain knowledge about themselves and their surroundings • Facts are organized and explained, in a systematic and logical manner • It is an attempt to understand (better) how nature works • Through observation of physical evidence (phenomena) • Experiments to simulate events under controlled conditions

22. Scientific Discipline • Science covers an enormous range of accumulated information which is divided into branches called scientific disciplines • Chemistry is one of the branches of science (botany, geology, physics, zoology)

23. Scientific Method • Most scientific and technological advances are through the use of experimentation as a method of problem-solving • In general, no two scientist will approach a problem exactly in the same manner • There are guidelines for the practice of science to achieve systematic experimentation: The Scientific Method • Scientific Method: A set of procedures (steps) used to acquire knowledge and explain an observable fact

24. Scientific Method The scientific method process (steps): • Observations: Identify the problem and plan procedures to obtain information • Collect Data: Observe, describe, and take measurements (data) • Organize data to find patterns in the information • Once sufficient data is collected, form a hypothesis • A hypothesis is a possible model or statement that offers an explanation for the observations

25. Hypothesis, Theory, Law • Experiments: A well-defined, controlled procedure to obtain information • To validate the hypothesis perform more experiments • If an experiment is performed under exactly the same conditions, the same results (facts) should occur • If results are different than predicted, modify or propose a new hypothesis • Theory • A hypothesis that has been tested and validated over a long period of time • Hypothesis evolves to theory if experiments are repeated and confirm the hypothesis

26. Hypothesis, Theory, Law • If after extensive testing the reliability of a hypothesis become very high, it will evolve to a theory • A theory allows a scientist to predict the outcome of proposed experiments • If results of future experiments conflict with the current theory it must either be modified, restated, or even replaced

27. Hypothesis, Theory, Law • After determining what facts are known about a selected problem, more experimentation is performed to obtain more information • More facts are obtained. Look for repeating patterns among the collected facts • If a large number of facts are tied together, it can eventually lead to a single generalized statement • Law: A concise, verbal statement that summarizes facts about a natural phenomena

28. Using the Scientific Method In Summary: • Identify the problem and plan procedures to obtain information • Collect data through observation and experimentation • Qualitative: Do not involve a number • Quantitative: Involve measurements • Analyze and organize the data to summarize observations (form generalizations) • Suggest probable explanations (form a hypothesis) • Experiment further to prove or disprove the proposed explanations

29. Benefits to Studying Chemistry • To further understand our world and its impact on our daily living (health care, natural resources, environmental protection, food supply) • Provides insight into other areas of modern science and technology • Learn Problem-Solving Skills • The ability to solve complicated chemistry problems can be applied to other types of problem-solving • Help you develop a systematic approach to scientific thought (logical, analytical) • Enhances your ability to predict future events based on patterns of behavior

30. Learning Chemistry • Learn the terms (vocabulary) • Some memorization is required • Use Active Learning: Read the text, attend lecture and practice “problem solving” • Problem solving will include study checks, sample problems, and questions and problems • Class: Problem sets, exercises

31. Learning Chemistry • Develop your own study plan • Do the recommended problems • Your confidence and problem solving skills are enhanced through repetition • Don’t expect to “get it” the first time you see it • Read the text, come to class • Ask questions

32. Homework • “Sample problems” 1.1 and 1.2 “Study checks, succeed all sample problems” • “Questions and Problems” 1.11, 1.13, 1.17 • “Understanding the Concepts” 1.19, 1.21 • “Additional Questions and Problems” 1.23, 1.25, 1.27 • “Challenge Questions” 1.29