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CHEMISTRY Spring Semester

CHEMISTRY Spring Semester. L. R. Inglish Canyon H. S. Science G-101. BE ALL YOU CAN BE. JUST DO IT. 4/9 DAILY QUIZ. What is an acid? What is a base? What are the products when a strong acid and a strong base are added together?. 4/9 TODAY’S CONCEPT. SIMPLY STATED:

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CHEMISTRY Spring Semester

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  1. CHEMISTRYSpring Semester L. R. Inglish Canyon H. S. Science G-101

  2. BE ALL YOU CAN BE

  3. JUST DO IT

  4. 4/9 DAILY QUIZ • What is an acid? • What is a base? • What are the products when a strong acid and a strong base are added together?

  5. 4/9 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: ACIDS HAVE H+ IONS. COMPOUNDS WITH HYDROGEN CATIONS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE ACIDS. HCl H2SO4 H3PO4

  6. 4/9 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: BASES HAVE OH- IONS. COMPOUNDS WITH HYDROXIDE ANIONS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE BASES. NaOH KOH NH4OH

  7. 4/9 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: A STRONG ACID ADDED TO A STRONG BASE YIELDS WATER AND A SALT. A SALT IS THE PRODUCT OF A STRONG ACID AND A STRONG BASE. HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O

  8. END OF LECTURE

  9. 4/10 DAILY QUIZ • What is an Arrhenius acid? • What is an Arrhenius base? • What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid? • What is a Bronsted-Lowry base? • What are the products when a strong acid and a strong base are added together?

  10. 4/10 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS ARE H+ DONORS. COMPOUNDS THAT ACCEPT H+ ARE CONSIDERED TO BE BASES. NH4OH NH3 + H++OH-

  11. 4/10 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: BRONSTED-LOWRY BASES ARE H+ACCEPTORS. COMPOUNDS THAT DONATE H+ ARE CONSIDERED TO BE ACIDS. NH4OH NH3 + H++OH-

  12. 4/10 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: BRONSTED-LOWRY: ACID? or BASE? NH3+H2O NH4++ OH- HCl + H2O H3O + + Cl- H2SO4 + H2O  H3O + + HSO4- H3PO4+ H2O  H3O ++ H2PO4-2

  13. END OF LECTURE

  14. BE ALL YOU CAN BE

  15. 4/11 DAILY QUIZ • What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid? • What is a Bronsted-Lowry base? • What is a conjugate acid? • What is a conjugate base?

  16. 4/11 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: A CONJUGATE ACID IS THE PARTICLE THAT IS FORMED WHEN A BASE GAINS A H+. Remember: A B-L base ACCEPTS a H+. HCl + H2O  H3O++ Cl-

  17. 4/11 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: A CONJUGATE BASE IS THE PARTICLE THAT REMAINS WHEN AN ACID DONATES A H+. Remember: A B-L acids DONATE a H+. HCl + H2O  H3O++ Cl-

  18. 4/11 TODAY’S CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: CONJUGATE ACID or CONJUGATE BASE? NH3+H2O  NH4++OH- HCl + H2O  H3O ++Cl- H2SO4 + H2O  H3O ++ HSO4- H3PO4+ H2O  H3O ++H2PO4-2

  19. 4/11 TODAY’S Second CONCEPT SIMPLY STATED: A STRONG ACID, TOTALLY IONIZES (DISSOCIATES). A WEAK ACID, ONLY PARTIALLY DISSOCIATES.

  20. 4/11 TODAY’S Second CONCEPT Ka, THE DISSOCIATION CONSTANT FOR AN ACID IS THE RATIO BETWEEN CONCENTRATIONS OF THE IONIZED (DISSOCIATED) FORM OF THE ACID TO THE NONIONIZED (NONDISSOCIATED) FORM. Ka = [H+] X [CH3COO-] [CH3COOH]

  21. A .1000M solution of ethanoic acid (acetic acid) has a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.34 x 10 -3M. What is the acid Kaof ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)? TEXT, page 610

  22. END OF LECTURE

  23. 4/12 DAILY QUIZ • What is a conjugate acid? • What is a conjugate base? • A .1000M solution of ethanoic acid (acetic acid) has a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.34 x 10 -3M. What is the acid Kaof ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)? TEXT, page 610

  24. 4/12 TODAY’S Second CONCEPT [CH3COOH] = .1000Min the reagent bottle [H+] = 1.34 x 10 -3M after equilibrium [CH3COO-] = after equilibrium is reached? [CH3COO-] = 1.34 x 10 -3M [CH3COOH] = after equilibrium is reached? [CH3COOH] =.1000M - .00134M = .0987M Ka = [H+] X [CH3COO-] [CH3COOH]

  25. NH3+H2O  NH4++OH-

  26. 4/12 TODAY’S Second CONCEPT Kb, THE DISSOCIATION CONSTANT FOR A BASE IS THE RATIO BETWEEN THE DISSOCIATED CONJUGATE ACID TIMES THE HYDROXIDE ION DIVIDED BY THE CONCENTRATION OF THE BASE. Kb = [NH4+] X [OH-] [NH4 OH]

  27. END OF LECTURE

  28. 4/16 CONCEPT A passing grade in Mr. Inglish’s Chemistry class… Is not so much one of intelligence… But rather, ONE OF DOING!

  29. A COUPLE OF REMINDERS… Alpha decay Beta decay Rutherford Thompson Bohr

  30. END OF LECTURE

  31. 4/25 DAILY QUIZ • What is another name for a hydrocarbon? • What is an alkane? An alkene? An alkyne? • Draw the molecular structure of Propanol. • Draw the molecular structure of Pentene. • Name the molecule on the board.

  32. RULES FOR NAMINGHYDROCARBONS Find the longest carbon chain a. Name the alkane Number the carbons in the main chain starting with C1 on the far right of the molecule. Identify the alkyls attached to the main chain. Add numbers to the alkyls Correctly label the di-, tri-, tetra- substituent alkyls. Re-write the molecular name with the alkyl substituents in alphabetical order.

  33. RULES FORHYDROCARBONNOMENCLATURE PUNCTUATION Find the longest carbon chain a. Name the alkane Number the carbons in the main chain starting with C1 on the far right of the molecule. Identify the alkyls attached to the main chain. Add numbers to the alkyls Correctly label the di-, tri-, tetra- substituent alkyls. Re-write the molecular name with the alkyl substituents in alphabetical order. Commas separate numbers Hyphens separate numbers from words

  34. NOMENCLATURE PAGE 699 in the Text: Conceptual Problem 22.2 3,3-dimethylhexane Practice Problem 3a. 3-ethylhexane Practice Problem 3b. 2-methylbutane Practice Problem 4a. 2,3-dimethylpentane Practice Problem 4b. 2-methylpentane

  35. END OF LECTURE

  36. 4/27 DAILY QUIZ PAGE 699 in the Text: Conceptual Problem 22.2 3,3-dimethylhexane Practice Problem 3a. 3-ethylhexane Practice Problem 3b. 2-methylbutane Practice Problem 4a. 2,3-dimethylpentane Practice Problem 4b. 2-methylpentane

  37. RULES FORHYDROCARBONNOMENCLATURE PUNCTUATION Find the longest carbon chain a. Name the alkane Number the carbons in the main chain starting with C1 on the far right of the molecule. Identify the alkyls attached to the main chain. Add numbers to the alkyls Correctly label the di-, tri-, tetra- substituent alkyls. Re-write the molecular name with the alkyl substituents in alphabetical order. Commas separate numbers Hyphens separate numbers from words Double and Triple Bonds are identified by the Carbon atom they start at. e.g. oct-2,4-ene

  38. RULES FORHYDROCARBONNOMENCLATURE PUNCTUATION Find the longest carbon chain a. Name the alkane Number the carbons in the main chain starting with C1 on the far right of the molecule. Identify the alkyls attached to the main chain. Add numbers to the alkyls Correctly label the di-, tri-, tetra- substituent alkyls. Re-write the molecular name with the alkyl substituents in alphabetical order. Commas separate numbers Hyphens separate numbers from words Double and Triple Bonds are identified by the Carbon atom they start at. e.g. oct-2,4-ene And Finally…. When there is more than 1 way to number the root chain, the chain is numbered in the DIRECTION THAT RESULTS IN THE LOWEST NUMBERS.

  39. NOMENCLATURE FORHYDROCARBON RINGS Find the longest carbon chain a. Name the alkane Number the carbons in the main chain starting with C1 on the far right of the molecule. Identify the alkyls attached to the main chain. Add numbers to the alkyls Correctly label the di-, tri-, tetra- substituent alkyls.

  40. END OF LECTURE

  41. 5/2 LAB QUIZ What do the letters USDA FD&C stand for? Explain the concept behind Gel Electrophoresis. List 4 items from the materials list. United States Department of Agriculture Food, Drug and Cosmetics The heavier molecules move slower. Look on the Materials List.

  42. FLOW CHARTS VERY SIMPLE

  43. FLOW CHARTS

  44. END OF LECTURE

  45. 5/3 LAB QUIZ What is the phenomenon that causes the dye molecules to travel up the chromatography paper? Define decant. What is the purpose of the “box” in the back of the room? Why do you need to know what “the box” does and where it is in the room? What is “wrong” with the placement of the fume hood? Carefully pour off the liquid above the ppt. Gravity slows down the heavier molecules. Smelly or hazardous stuff goes in fume hood.

  46. END OF LECTURE

  47. Rules for Lab Reports • Do not use the words it, them, those, all … • Do not “fluff" • Your sentences should mean something.

  48. END OF LECTURE

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