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FINAL EXAM Spring Semester

This study guide consolidates essential information on important figures and events in Texas history, highlighting key personalities such as Sam Houston, Santa Anna, Ulysses S. Grant, and Abraham Lincoln. It covers pivotal events like the Battle of San Jacinto, the Goliad Massacre, and Texas Independence Day, alongside significant terms such as the Oil Boom and Ranching. Additionally, explore the impact of Civil War leaders and the Reconstruction period on Texas' development. This resource is designed to aid students in preparing for their final exams.

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FINAL EXAM Spring Semester

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  1. FINAL EXAMSpring Semester TEXAS HISTORY

  2. Important People • Sam Houston: Commander of the entire regular Texas army • Santa Anna: Commanding general of Mexican armies at San Jacinto

  3. Important People • Stephen F. Austin: “Father of Texas” • He left the Battle of San Antonio to get aid from the U.S.

  4. Important People • William B. Travis: Commander of Texans for most of the Alamo battle • James Bowie: Famous for his knife; a co-commander of the Alamo

  5. Important People • David Crockett: famous hunter and frontiersman from TN.; died at Alamo • Sam Houston: As governor, he opposed secession and lost the office

  6. Important People • Ulysses S. Grant: Military leader of the Union during the Civil War • Robert E. Lee: Military leader of the Confederacy during the Civil War

  7. Important People • Abraham Lincoln: President of the U.S. during the Civil War • Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy during the Civil War

  8. Important People • Doris Miller: Famous WW II hero from Waco • Chester Nimitz: Commander of the Pacific fleet during WWll from Fredricksburg

  9. Important People • Comanches: Group of Native Americans that captured Cynthia Ann Parker • Neal McLennan: Started the town of Waco

  10. Important People • Miriam A. Ferguson: 1st woman governor of Texas • James Ferguson: Governor of Texas who was impeached

  11. Important People • Lyndon B. Johnson: U.S. President from Texas who followed Kennedy in office and pushed for civil rights

  12. Key Dates • Texas Independence Day: March 2, 1836 • Texas became 28th U.S. state: Dec. 29, 1845

  13. Key Events • Goliad Massacre: 350 prisoners were executed • Runaway Scrape: retreat of Texas civilians from Mexican army

  14. Key Events • The town of Waterloo was renamed Austin and became the capitol of Texas

  15. Key Events • Secession: act of breaking away from the Union • Civil War: War between two sections of a country

  16. Key Events • Annexation: to incorporate a country or territory into another country or territory

  17. Key Events • Juneteenth: the day slaves were freed in Texas

  18. Key Events • Pearl Harbor: attack caused the U.S. to enter WWll • New Deal: Franklin Roosevelt’s policies for economic recovery

  19. Key Events • Great Depression: period of economic downturn characterized by high unemployment

  20. Battle Cry • “Remember the Alamo, Remember Goliad!” • San Jacinto battle cry of Texans

  21. Key Terms: Ranching • Longhorns: original cattle in Texas • Spanish explorers brought 1st cattle to Texas • Brands: used to indicate ownership • XIT: largest cattle ranch in 1880s

  22. Key Terms: Trail Drives • Wrangler: a ranch hand who takes care of saddle horses • Drover: a person who moves cattle to market

  23. Trail Drives • The number of cowhands needed on a trail drive varied greatly, depending on the size of the herd

  24. Trail Drives • Cattle drives were begun to reach new markets

  25. Key Terms: Oil Boom • Spindletop: 1st big oil discovery in Texas • Permian Basin: a large oil-producing area of West Texas

  26. Republic of Texas • Fannin’s indecision resulted in the defeat at Goliad • Most of the Texans captured at Goliad were executed

  27. Republic of Texas • Alamo mission was small • Travis got 32 volunteers from Gonzales • Bowie and Crockett believed the Alamo was important to the future of Texas

  28. Republic of Texas • Battle of San Jacinto: Texas won independence from Mexico • Santa Anna thought Houston’s troops would only fight ondefensive

  29. Republic of Texas • Treaty of Velasco: Houston released Santa Anna and sent him back to Mexico • Texans hoped that releasing Santa Anna would lead to better relations with Mexico

  30. Texas Frontier • The Colt revolver was important in winning the frontier wars because six quick shots could be fired before reloading

  31. Borders • Mexico recognized the Nueces River as the border for Texas and Mexico • Oklahoma was the state formerly known as “Indian Territory”

  32. Civil War • Sam Houstonopposed secession from the Union • North’s victory in the Civil War meant that the Union was preserved

  33. Reconstruction • Texas’ state government collapsed as a result of the South’s surrender. • Southerners thought the Radical Republicans plan for Reconstruction was too harsh • Southern voters had to take the Ironclad Oath before they could vote during Reconstruction

  34. Texas Economy • A growing demand for wool contributed to an increase in sheep ranching after the Civil War • Cotton was the chief cash crop

  35. Good Luck on Your Final!Have a great summer!

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