Good Practices: Gender Mainstreaming in Actions Against Child Labour

1. Good Practices:  Gender Mainstreaming in Actions Against Child Labour

2. Gender and work to combat child labour • Gender is an important factor around which child labour is organised and needs are met • If gender equality issues are ignored, life is often unintentionally made harder for women and girls • Can’t be seen as an ‘add-on’ factor • Needs to be embedded as a core element e.g. addressed in the design phase of studies

3. Good practices: gender mainstreaming in actions against child labour • First time collected and documented • Covers wide range of areas, e.g HIV/AIDS/ Art / football / CDW/ CSEC /trafficking / IPEC procedures / research techniques/statistics/ • Often people don’t realise they are actually mainstreaming gender in their work

4. Challenges… • Gender and culture –good practices within the context • Difficulties in measuring good practice • Good practice in both gender mainstreaming and actions against child labour • Collecting suggestions from ILO – short time • Reading reports vs talking to people

5. Methodology • Review of IPEC’s Framework and Process for Identifying, Dissemination and Using GPs in child labour - excellent • Reviewed GPs in GM from other dev agencies • Comparison of criteria for what constitutes a GP in GM • Investigation of different formats for presenting GPs

6. Methodology contd.. • Adaptation of the definitions, levels of good practice and criteria from IPEC • Draft definition of GP in gender mainstreaming and in actions against child labour • ‘Flyer’ introducing report & inviting IPEC staff to propose GPs

7. Methodology contd.. • Collection of suggestions • Desk review of many documents • Interviews with staff

8. What is a good practice in gender mainstreaming for ILO/IPEC? • Any practice that works well in terms of actions against child labour while implementing the ILO strategy of gender mainstreaming (whether fully or in part) • A GP may have implications for gender mainstreaming practice at any level • Can represent any type of practice, small or large, however has to have been tried and worked (either fully or in part) • Doesn’t have to be a project, can be policy level activity, or specific focus as part of an activity

9. Gender mainstreaming UN definition “…the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.” ECOSOC Agreed Conclusions, 1997/2

10. in terms of Gender Mainstreaming How to determine what makes a practice good? • 7 criteria from Evaluation • Innovative or creative • Effectiveness/impact • Replicability • Sustainability • Relevance • Responsive and ethical • Efficiency and implementation

11. 3 Levels of good practice Aspect that may need further revision 3. Replicated good practices 2. Successfully demonstrated practices 1. Innovative practices

12. Categorizing the good practices? • Approach taken in GP? • Level of good practice? • Geography? • Whether it was a policy, institutional, field level focus? • Whether the emphasis was on positive action? protective measures? or girl or boy specific activities?

13. 4 pronged approach to bring gender issues into the mainstream in all IPEC policies, programmes and activities • Carrying out a gender analysis of a situation to identify inequalities • Carrying out gender-specific actions e.g. targeting girls or women exclusively, men, boys, …Starting a process of institutional change within IPEC /partner organisations – procedures • Giving girls/women a greater voice by increasing their participation to ensure their perspectives are heard

14. Carrying out a gender analysis of a situation to identify inequalities Carrying out gender-specific actions e.g. targeting girls or women exclusively, men, boys, … 3. Starting a process of institutional change within IPEC /partner organisations – procedures 4. Giving girls/women a greater voice by increasing their participation to ensure their perspectives are heard 4 pronged approach to bring gender issues into the mainstream in all IPEC policies, programmes and activities

15. ……….Taking each one of these 4 approaches……………. …….categorised the Good Practices

16. Gender analysis – 4 GPs Two national surveys 1. - child labourTurkey 2. - S. Africa CDW 3. Good Practice Report on CSEin Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia – GA to understand root causes of poverty, GA to find out who exactly is being sexually exploited, when & where 4. Rapid Assessment in Jamaica clearly disaggregated children engaged in prostitution

17. Gender-specific actions – 4 GPs • HIV/AIDs review – brought out the need to focus on sexual demand and male behaviour – S.Af. Tanzania, Zambia • Focus on child domestic workers – thematic eval. Kenya, Tanzania, Pakistan, Philippines • Art rehabilitation for working st. girls St. Petersburg • Vocational training for girls involved in rural/domestic labour E. Turkey

18. its internal structure with respect to gender sensitivity gender sensitivity in the projects and programmes of IPEC and partners IPEC can be considered both in terms of: Institutional change category

19. Process of institutional change within IPEC / partner organisations & procedures – 6 GPs • Global child labour estimates • Integrating gender into thematic evaluation on trafficking /sexual exploitationThailand, Philippines, Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua • Main’SCREAM’ing gender ILO stop child labour initiative • IPEC Review • Practical guide • Design of project documents

20. Giving girls/women a greater voice by increasing their participation – 6 GPs • How girls engaged in prostitution describe their situation –Tanzania • Red card to child labourMali 5. National stakeholder consultation on the TBPNepal 6. Gender equality awareness raising exercise – coffee industryGuatemala 3. Participatory approach in the Mekong trafficking project 4. Provision of ‘information homes’ to combat trafficking –Yunnan Province

21. Finally….some summary points on mainstreaming a gender perspective in organisations (adapted from Hannan-Andersson, 1999) • Having a coherent policy on gender equality and gender mainstreaming • Having a consistent approach • Ensuring gender mainstreaming is explicitly treated within the organisation • Knowing who is responsible • Ensuring personnel have the skills necessary to mainstream gender concerns