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EDUCATION

EDUCATION. “Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.” -Will Durant. CASE #3. HARD TICKS vs. SOFT TICKS. COMMONLY FOUND TICKS. Tick life cycle. Tick life cycle. Female lays 1,000 to 10,000 eggs before dying. Ticks. HOW TICKS INJURE ANIMALS:

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EDUCATION

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  1. EDUCATION “Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.” -Will Durant

  2. CASE #3

  3. HARD TICKS vs. SOFT TICKS

  4. COMMONLY FOUND TICKS

  5. Tick life cycle

  6. Tick life cycle Female lays 1,000 to 10,000 eggs before dying

  7. Ticks HOW TICKS INJURE ANIMALS: • Irritation of the bite wound • Vector for diseases • Neurotoxins in saliva of 12 different species • Clinical signs vary with disease Dx: finding tick; hxof exposure to wooded and grassy areas

  8. Brown Dog Tick • The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) • Transmits Ehrlichiosis in dogs • Brown dog ticks are found throughout the world. Dogs are the primary host for the brown dog tick for each of its life stages.

  9. Ticks • Rx: Manually remove ticks • Grasp head parts close to skin with forceps (NOT HANDS) and pull backwards; no gasoline, cigarettes, etc. • Topical treatments (sprays, shampoos, powder, dips) • Collars • Topical systemic products • Client Info • Routinely check pets for ticks, esp after walks in parks, etc • Do not use bare hands to remove and kill ticks – blood may be infectious • Ticks will feed on humans

  10. Tick paralysis Dermacentor variabilis Dermacentor andersoni Neurotoxin in saliva of gravid female

  11. CASE #4

  12. CASE #4

  13. CASE #4

  14. Burrowing Mites • Family Sarcoptidae – Small, round, live in skin tunnels. Short legs close to body. Cause mange. – Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Knemidocoptes Trixacarus • Family Demodicidae – Live in hair follicles. – Adults cigar shaped. – Demodex

  15. Mites (Demodectic mange)

  16. Demodex • Inhabits hair follicles, sebaceous glands or apocrine sweat glands • D. canis • Normal inhabitant in small numbers • Spends entire life cycle on host • Immune system controls infestation • Genetic predisposition • Localized or generalized • Transmission • Have not seen dog-to-dog or dog-to-human transmission

  17. Demodex • Demodex cati (right) • Demodex canis (left)

  18. Demodex • D. cati • Similar to D. canis – lives in hair follicles • D. gati - 2nd most common demodex mite on cat • Fat (broad, blunted abdomen) • Lives more superficial in stratum corneum • More pruritic • Associated with immune suppression • Similar lesions to dogs

  19. Demodex gati

  20. DEMODEX

  21. Demodex • Clinical Signs • Localized • Young dog (3m-1 y); • Alopecia esp on face • Erythema; crusty lesions • Not pruritic unless secondary infections are present • Generalized • Often febrile • Entire body surface involved • Can result in protein loss through wounds • Secondary bacterial infection - pustules • Dx – skin scraping - deep

  22. Demodex • Tx • Localized – Rotenone (Goodwinol) topical daily or mupiricin (Bactroban) • Generalized • Mitaban (amitraz) dips q 7 days x 3-6 treatments or 2 negative skin scrapings • Side Effects – sedation for 12-24 hrs (up to 72 hrs) • Ivermectin: SQ repeat q 14 days OR PO SID x 60-90 days extralabel use – client sign a release form – Not herding breeds • Interceptor: 1/mo x 3 mo or more • Oral antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections • Client Info • Many animals outgrow demodex as they age • Not contagious to humans • Tx does not completely remove mites • If breeding dog, then do not treat and do not breed if does not clear on its own • Strongly recommend OHE with treatment or will relapse with heat cycles • Generalized form can be fatal.

  23. Demodex Rx Approved Not FDA approved Approved SQ or PO

  24. Demodex • Newer drugs and protocols • Ivermectin – lower initial dose due to side effects, then gradually increase dose over several days • SE: ataxia, bradycardia, mydriasis, resp arrest, salivation, stupor and tremors • Milbemycin (Interceptor) –PO SID x 30-45 days • Fewer Side effects • Expensive for large dogs • Continue for 4 weeks post 2nd negative skin scraping – may be cost prohibitive • moxidectin + Imidacloprid (Advantage Multi) • Only APPROVED treatments • Amitraz (Mitaban) • Moxidectin + imidacloprid in topical formulation (Advantage Multi) • Milbemycinoxime (Interceptor) orally

  25. CASE #5

  26. Burrowing Mites • Sarcoptes scabei

  27. Mites (Sarcoptic mange [Scabies])

  28. Sarcoptic Mange • Species specific • Adults live 4-5 weeks • Egg-larva-nymph-adult cycle • 17-21 days • Entire life cycle on skin • Infective in house environment for 24-36 hrs • Burrows under skin – stratum corneum • Hypersensitivity reaction

  29. SARCOPTES

  30. Sarcoptic mange • Clincal Signs • Red crusty lesions on ears, elbows and trunk • Intensely pruritic • Progressively more severe • DX – skin scraping; difficult to find mite • Tx – easily killed • Amitraz dip q 14 days • Ivermectin SQ or PO q 14 days (extralabel use) • Selamectin (revolution) – topically q 2 weeks x 3 treatments • Client Info – highly contagious to other dogs and humans

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