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Section 7-4

Section 7-4 . Acids and Bases in Solution. Acids in Solution. An acid produces a hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in water. Actually just a nakey proton. Polyatomic Ions. Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms with a charge: Always covalently bonded molecules (non-metals) Examples:

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Section 7-4

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  1. Section 7-4 Acids and Bases in Solution

  2. Acids in Solution • An acid produces a hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in water. • Actually just a nakey proton

  3. Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms with a charge: • Always covalently bonded molecules (non-metals) • Examples: • OH1- (Hydroxide) • HCO31- (Bicarbonate) • NO31- (Nitrate) • CO32- (Carbonate) • SO42- (Sulfate) • PO43- (Phosphate) • NH41+ (Ammonium)

  4. Bases in Solution • A base has two definitions • Produces a hydroxide ion (OH-) when dissolved in water • Can accept hydrogen ions

  5. Concentration of Acids and Bases The concentration of acids and bases is determined by its solubility

  6. Strength of Acids and Bases • Measuring pH – the potential for releasing a hydrogen ion • A scale from 0 to 14 that shows the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

  7. Acid-Base Reactions • A reaction between an acid and a base are called neutralizations • Produces salt and water (pH = 7) • A salt is any ionic compound • HCl + NaOH ----> H2O + NaCl • HNO3 + KOH ----> H2O + KNO3

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