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England

England. WARS OF THE ROSES LEAD TO TUDORS TAKING THRONE OF ENGLAND RICHARD III & HENRY VII 2 PRINCES OF THE TOWER BOSWORTH FIELD HOUSES OF YORK AND LANCASTER. Tudor Family. Henry VIII ENGLISH REFORMATION Divorce and the break with the church 6 WIVES**SEE OTHER PP**

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England

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  1. England • WARS OF THE ROSES LEAD TO TUDORS TAKING THRONE OF ENGLAND • RICHARD III & HENRY VII • 2 PRINCES OF THE TOWER • BOSWORTH FIELD • HOUSES OF YORK AND LANCASTER

  2. Tudor Family • Henry VIII • ENGLISH REFORMATION • Divorce and the break with the church • 6 WIVES**SEE OTHER PP** • THOMAS CRAMNER, THOMAS CROMWELL • EDWARD VI • Mary I-CATHOLIC • Elizabeth I-PROTESTANT

  3. Tudor Family • Henry dies in 1547. • Edward VI becomes King at the age of 9. • ENGLAND RULED BY A REGENT: EDWARD DUKE OF SOMMERSET • EXTREMELY PROTESTANT(ANGLICAN) • ENGLISH PRAYER BOOK OF 1449-1552 • BIBLE IN THE VENACULAR • HE IS SICKLY AND WILL NOT LAST LONG

  4. Mary I • Edward dies in 1553. • Mary becomes Queen. • Mary’s Catholic and the English are Protestant???

  5. Mary I • Mary married Philip II of Spain. • She restores Catholicism to England • Aided by Archbishop of Canterbury Pole • Many protestants flee England • Marian Exiles • Executes 300 protestants by burning them at the stake, many thousands of others are hung. • John Foxe: Book of Martyrs: Thomas Cramner. • Multiple false pregnancies, dies childless and throne passed to Elizabeth I her half sister, protestant

  6. Elizabeth I • Elizabeth I • Supremacy Bill of 1559: Supreme Governor • Restores Protestant faith • Elizabethan Settlement • Prayer book of 1559 • 39 articles (Calvinism) • Mary, Queen of Scots

  7. Elizabeth I • Allowed for ambiguity of worship • Elizabeth’s reign was a great cultural period for England

  8. Elizabeth I • Promoted the arts, playwrights, and theater. • William Shakespeare.

  9. Elizabeth I • Defeated Spanish Armada 1588 • Supported Privateers, such as Francis Drake, known pirates • Defeat of the Armada did not defeat Spain as a power • Rise of Puritans, purify the Church of England • Views • Beliefs • Salvation • signs

  10. PROBLEMS FOR THE TUDORS • Parliament (Legislative Assembly) • Constant struggle for power • Religion: People that did not like the Church of England (Anglican) • Puritans: “Purify” church of England from Catholic influences • Separatists: “separate” from the Church of England altogether. Multiple sects: Armenians • Catholics: many still remained loyal to the faith

  11. Stuart Family • Elizabeth dies childless and James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England. • James is the first Stuart Family ruler. • Believed deeply in divine right of kings • George Villiers (Lord of Buckingham) • Bible • Plantation Policy in Ireland • Economics

  12. James I • Not well liked by the people or the Nobles because he is Scottish. • New translation of the Bible (King James Bible) • Spent entire reign arguing with Parliament.

  13. Charles I • Son of James I • Opposite of James • Never made to be king • Believed in absolutes • Archbishop Laud • Parliament-Tonnage & Poundage • War with Scotland

  14. Charles I • Needs money from parliament • Refused money so he forced people to loan him money after Parliament refused a tax increase • After 11yrs. Charles finally called Parliament together. Long parliament

  15. Can they get rid of Charles I?Here is their big chance….. • Charles makes a BIG decision…..He decides that everyone should have the same prayer book. • England is Anglican • Scotland is Presbyterian • The Scots are furious, and revolt….this sets a series of events in motion…..

  16. Parliament • Moved to limit the power of the King. • At first Charles went along but then tried to arrest the leaders of the movement against him.

  17. English Revolution • This causes war to break out. • Cavaliers (loyalist) supported the king.

  18. War • Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell were backed by the Puritans.

  19. Cromwell Wins • Cromwell wins and takes control. • New Model Army • Charles I is tried for treason and beheaded.

  20. BEHEADING OF CHARLES I AT WHITEHALL

  21. Cromwell • Cromwell is given the title of Lord Protector. • Barebones Parliament • Head of State • Instrument of Government 1653-1658 • Offered to be King • Suppressed all opposition.

  22. Cromwell • Everyone was forced to follow Puritan ways. • No theater, dance, etc…) • Cromwell dies.

  23. Cromwell Dies • After Cromwell dies, his son is unable to rule effective. • English nobles invite Charles II to return to be King.

  24. Restoration Period • This period is known as the RESTORATION because the king was restored to the throne.

  25. Charles II • Charles II was known as the “Merry Monarch” because he loved to party. • 17 illegitimate children • Unsuccessful due to parliament • Very attached to Catholic views • Allowed for rise of sciences, Boyle, Newton, etc.. • Dies and brother takes over

  26. James II • Charles II younger brother (Catholic). • England was a protestant nation.

  27. James II • England agreed to allow him to be king if his heirs were raised protestant. • He had 2 daughters Anne & Mary.

  28. James II • Everything was fine until James II’s new wife had a son. • He was the heir and would be catholic.

  29. James II • English people very upset. • James has to flee the country, but is caught trying to escape • They ask James’s daughter and husband to take the throne. (William and Mary).

  30. Glorious Revolution • Known as the Glorious Revolution because a protestant was again ruling England. • William & Mary placed on the throne by the Parliament • Overall this period was one of unresolved changes

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