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The Nature of Matter

The Nature of Matter . Chapter 2. Atoms. Smallest particle of an element Structure of the atom Nucleus: __________ (+ charge) __________ (no charge) Orbital cloud: __________ (- charge) Move around nucleus. Atoms. Duet rule:

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The Nature of Matter

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  1. The Nature of Matter Chapter 2

  2. Atoms • Smallest particle of an element • Structure of the atom • Nucleus: • __________ (+ charge) • __________ (no charge) • Orbital cloud: • __________ (- charge) • Move around nucleus

  3. Atoms • Duet rule: • the closest orbital around the nucleus can hold _______ electrons • Octet rule: • the second orbital can hold up to _________ electrons • This causes attraction between atoms

  4. Atoms • _______ atom • 10 protons • 10 neutron • ______ electrons • Duet Rule • Octet Rule • Stable element

  5. Atoms • Charge of the atom • Add up ________ and _________ • If #of protons = # of electrons  no electrical charge

  6. Atoms • Ion: charged atom  lose or gain electron • Cl- • (gained _____ electron) • Na+ • (lost _____ electron) • Ca2+ • (lost _____ electrons)

  7. Elements • Substance that can not be chemically broken down further • Consists of entirely one atom

  8. Elements • Mass of the atom • Sum of protons and _________ • ____________ • Number of protons

  9. Isotopes • Amount of _________≠ number of _________ • Can be more or less • This changes the atomic _________

  10. Isotopes • Many uses in science • Used as tracers to follow movement within organisms • Can also help _________ _________ of bones and other substances • Ex: Carbon-14 can be used to detect the age of ancient bones

  11. Chemical Compounds • Compound • Substance that can be broken down to elements (2 or more elements) • Created by _________ _________

  12. Chemical Bonds • Atoms in compounds are held together by various types of bonding • Which part of the atom is involved in bond formation? • Bonds form by using _________ _________ • What types of bonds are there? • _________ _________ _________

  13. Ionic Bond • Ionic bond • Electrons are _____________ • Attraction between _________ charged ions • Ex: Na transfers e- to Cl Na+Cl- • Become charged particles by _________or _________ electrons • Creates a ____________

  14. Covalent Bonds • Covalent bond • Pairs of electrons are _________ by both atoms • Creates a _________ • Can be single (2 electrons) or double (4 electrons) or triple (6 electrons)

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