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Firefighter Geo-Location Devices

Firefighter Geo-Location Devices. Wayne C. Haase, Ph.D. Summit Safety, Inc. Why Geo-Location?. Tactical Management of Resources Accountability Rescue. Requirements. General Requirements. Work 100% of the time Work in 100% of buildings/structures Work through smoke, steam, fire

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Firefighter Geo-Location Devices

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  1. FirefighterGeo-Location Devices Wayne C. Haase, Ph.D. Summit Safety, Inc.

  2. Why Geo-Location? • Tactical • Management of Resources • Accountability • Rescue

  3. Requirements

  4. General Requirements • Work 100% of the time • Work in 100% of buildings/structures • Work through smoke, steam, fire • Work at high temperatures • Easy to use: KISS • Reasonable cost • Small, lightweight

  5. GPS: Answer to all requirements? • Accuracy: 10-15 feet, outside, clear sky • Differential GPS won’t work in building • Won’t work past 1 layer into building • Lower frequency for better RF penetration • Larger wavelength • Reduced accuracy • Radio waves do not penetrate metals • Distance includes path around metals • Reduced accuracy • Radio waves travel at speed of light • Slower in dielectrics (walls, building’s contents) • Reduced accuracy

  6. Technologies • Optical • Radio • Sound • Inertial : ultraviolet, visible, infrared : UWB, GPS, cellular, FM, AM : audible, ultrasound : accelerometers, gyroscopes

  7. Technology Performance

  8. Why Ultrasound for Rescue? • Not affected by fire environment • Small, directional receiver • No Rayleigh scattering by smoke • Reflected waves: locate victim behind obstacles, behind doors, and around corners • No wall penetration: no blind alleys • Indicates path to firefighter

  9. Far-Field PASS & Pulse Beams 227º D = 2 in f = 4 KHz D = 3 in f = 40 KHz 15º 227º

  10. Pulse System • Personnel Ultrasonic Locating Safety Equip • Beacon: omnidirectional transmitter • Tracker: directional receiver • Firefighter, exit, civilian (tot-finder) Beacons • Range: 150+ feet • Search Time: 2-5 minutes (typical)

  11. Beacon • Ultrasonic transmitter • Activation clip • Manual alarm switch • 2 reset switches • LED indicators • Audible annunciator • Motion sensor • Monitor/Pre-Alarm/Alarm • Lightweight: 7 oz (w/batt) PASS

  12. Tracker • Directional U/S receiver • LED bargraph for signal • Audible annunciator with mute switch • LED bargraph for battery • Mode switch & LEDs (Firefighter, Civilian, Exit) • Lightweight: 14 oz (w/batt)

  13. San Diego Firehouse Expo HOT: 1a Missed Door And Victim 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

  14. San Diego Firehouse Expo HOT: 1b Missed Victim (Second Time) 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2

  15. San Diego Firehouse Expo HOT: 1c 1 1 1 Blind Search Time: 35 min 1 1 1 1

  16. San Diego Firehouse Expo HOT: 2 Beacon behind desk on chair Search Time: 4-5 min using Pulse System

  17. San Diego Firehouse Expo HOT: 3 Closed Door Room search not necessary X Search Time: Approx 3 min using Pulse Beacon covered with metal trash can

  18. Providence Survival Seminar HOT: 1 Abandoned Supermarket: Victim believed in center 1 2 1 2 110 ft Search Time: Approx 4 minutes using Pulse Distance Traveled: Approx 80 ft 145 ft

  19. Providence Survival Seminar HOT: 2 Abandoned Supermarket : Victim believed in center Search Time: Approx 5 min using Pulse Distance Traveled: Approx 80 feet 110 ft 2 1 2 1 145 ft

  20. Syracuse NYSAFC HOT Activated PASS Search Time: 12-18 min using PASS

  21. Summary • Tactical vs Rescue: different requirements • GPS won’t work for Rescue • Technologies: Optical, Radio, Sound, Inertial • No one technology for all situations • Radio/Inertial best for Tactical • Sound (Ultrasound) best for Rescue • Pulse System: Beacon & Tracker • Rescue examples from HOT evolutions

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