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Trilobite

Trilobite. James Hutton- The first Geologist!. Time and Geology. Sir Charles Lyell. Image source: www.mnsu.edu/emuseum. The Key to the Past. Relative Time- “this rock is older than that” Principles Used to Determine Relative Age Unconformities Correlation

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Trilobite

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  1. Trilobite

  2. James Hutton- The first Geologist!

  3. Time and Geology Sir Charles Lyell Image source: www.mnsu.edu/emuseum

  4. The Key to the Past Relative Time- “this rock is older than that” Principles Used to Determine Relative Age • Unconformities • Correlation • The Standard Geologic Time Scale • Index Fossils Absolute Time- “this rock is 28 million years old” Principles of radioactive decay • Instruments • The age of the Earth

  5. Important Figures in Geologic Time • James Hutton (1726-1797): Native of Edinburgh, Scotland. Father of modern Geology. Published “Theory of the Earth” in 1785 in which he outlined that geological features and ancient rocks could be explained by present-day physical and chemical processes. • Charles Lyell (1797-1875): Rebelled against prevailing thought, which was rooted in Biblical interpretation and Catastrophism. His main contribution was the development of Uniformitarianism (Actualism). “The present is the key to the past…” • Modern view holds that processes that operate today have shaped the Earth through Geological Time, but rates may not have always remained constant.

  6. Important Relative Age Dating Principles • Original Horizontality: all beds originally deposited in water formed close to horizontal

  7. Superposition: within a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary or volcanic rocks, layers become younger, upward

  8. Lateral Continuity: original sedimentary layers extend laterally until it thins out at edges rocks that are otherwise similar, but are now separated by a valley or other erosional feature, can be assumed to be originally continuous.

  9. Cross-cutting Relationships: disruptions in any rock sequence occurred after the youngest established event in the undisturbed sequence Ie. A rock or fault is younger than any rock (or fault) through which it cuts

  10. Trip Through Time

  11. Sedimentary Deposition

  12. Intrusion

  13. Tilting & Erosion

  14. Subsidence and New Marine Deposition

  15. Missing Formation

  16. Dike Event

  17. Erosion and Exposure

  18. Subsidence & Deposition

  19. Fluvial Deposition

  20. Complex Subsurface Geology

  21. Contact Relations

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