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An Overview of Internet Services: From ARPANET to Modern Communication

This comprehensive overview traces the evolution of internet services, starting from the ARPANET project initiated by the Pentagon in 1969. It highlights the transformation into the modern Internet in the late 1980s and discusses key services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, FTP, newsgroups, and instant messaging. Key figures like Tim Berners-Lee and organizations such as ICANN and W3C are also covered, shedding light on their roles in shaping internet standards. The diversity of web content and the growth of user interaction through multimedia and collaborative platforms are explored.

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An Overview of Internet Services: From ARPANET to Modern Communication

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  1. The Internet An Overview

  2. Services • Internet Services • World Wide Web • E-mail • File Transfer • Newsgroups • Message Board • Chat • Instant Messaging

  3. History • Origination • ARPANET — Networking Project by Pentagon • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) • Became Functional September 1969 • Renamed Internet in the Late 1980s • World Wide Web Proposed In 1989 • Tim Berners-Lee

  4. History • Control • Public, Cooperative, & Independent Network • Internal Structure • Public & Private Organizations • Telephone, Cable, & Satellite Companies • Governments • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • Oversees Research, Sets Standards & Guidelines • Tim Berners-Lee, Director

  5. Internet Mechanics • Access Providers • ISP (Internet Service Provider) • OSP (Online Service Provider) • Member-only Features • AOL • MSN • Wireless

  6. Internet Mechanics • Addressing • IP (Internet Protocol) Address • Identifies Each Device Connected to Internet • Unique Number • 2.7/3.7 Billion Used • Run Out in 2012 • IPv6 = 3.4 x 1038 v. 232 • Domain Name • Text Version of IP Address

  7. Internet Mechanics • Addressing • TLD (Top Level Domain) • Identifies Type of Organization • ccTLD • Two-letter Country Code Outside US • ICANN Assigns & Controls TLDs • DNS (Domain Name System) • DNS Server • Translates Domain Name to IP Address

  8. World Wide Web • Collection of Electronic Documents • Worldwide • Each Document is Called a Web Page • Contains Text, Graphics, Sound, Video • Contains Links to Other Pages • Web Site • Collection of Related Web Pages

  9. World Wide Web • Web 2.0 • Allow Users to Modify Site Content • Way for Users to Share Personal Info • Have User Application Software Built into Site

  10. World Wide Web • Web Browser • Program that Allows You to View Web Pages • Internet Explorer • Spent $1.25 B • Netscape • Mozilla • Firefox • Safari

  11. World Wide Web • Web Addressing • URL (Uniform Resource Locator) • Unique Address for Page Located on Web Server protocol name domain path http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html

  12. World Wide Web • Site Types • Standard • Portal • Search, News, Weather, Reference, Shopping • Blog (Web Log) • Informal Journal / Diary Posts • Reflect Interest & Opinion of Author

  13. World Wide Web • Site Types • Wiki • Collaborative Site • Users Create, Add, Modify, Delete Content • Content Aggregator • Gathers, Organizes, Distributes Content • RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

  14. World Wide Web • Multimedia • Graphics • GIF, JPG, PNG • Audio • MP3, WAV • Compression to 1/10 Original Size • Streaming • Transfers Data in Continuous & Even Flow • Podcast

  15. World Wide Web • Multimedia • Video • MPG, AVI, MOV, WMV • Vodcast • VR (Virtual Reality) • Second Life, There • Avatar • Plug-in • Programs that Extend Browser Capability

  16. Other Internet Services • E-Commerce • Shopping Cart • Collect Purchases • Online Auction • Paypal • Online Payment Service

  17. Other Internet Services • E-mail • Transmission of Messages Over Internet • Messages May Include Attachments • Files, Graphics, Audio, Video • Virus • Volume • 1.4 Billion Active Accounts Worldwide • 183 Billion E-mails Sent Daily in 2006 Radicati Group 10/06

  18. Other Internet Services • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) • Allows Upload / Download of Files • Files Located on FTP Servers • Use FTP Client Program to Access • Mailing List • Topical E-mail Discussion Group • You Must Subscribe to a Mailing List • E-mail Sent to Listserv • Listserv Distributes E-mail to All Subscribers

  19. Other Internet Services • Newsgroup • Users Conduct Written Topical Discussions • 65,000+ Topics • Stored on News Server • Usenet • Entire Collection of Newsgroups

  20. Other Internet Services • Newsgroup • User Sends Message to Newsgroup • AKA Article • Others in Newsgroup Read / Reply • AKA Thread • Read with Newsreader Program • FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) • Find Out What is Appropriate for Newsgroup • Same Questions do not Need Repeated Answers

  21. Other Internet Services • Message Board • AKA Discussion Board • Web-based Version of Newsgroup • Newsreader not Required • Chat • Real-time Typed Conversation • Discuss Topics of Interest • Chat Room • Location on Server that Permits Discussion

  22. Other Internet Services • Instant Messaging (IM) • Real-time Typed Conversation • Indicate Who You Would Like to Speak With • AKA Buddy List • Notifies When One or More People Online • Exchange Messages or Files

  23. Other Internet Services • Internet Telephony (VoIP) • Voice Communication Over Internet • Replaces Standard Telephone Service • Vonage

  24. Netiquette • Code of Behavior • Emoticons & Smileys • :-) :-( ;-) :-o :’-( :o) • CAPS • 13-year-old Commits Suicide (10/06) • Fake MySpace Profile Created to Start Relationship

  25. Netiquette • Flaming • 58% Have Been Flamed Online • 40% More than Once • 53% Have Flamed Others Online • 33% More than Once • 35% Have Been Threatened Online • 20% More than Once • 58% Have Not Told Parents or Adult iSafe.org

  26. Netiquette • Flaming • 15 % Receive Unwanted Sexual Communication • During Past Year • Included • Solicitations for Sex • Conversations About Sex • Questions About Bra Size • Or Other Personal Sexual Information Internet Solutions for Kids

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