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Consonants: Stops, fricatives and affricates

Consonants: Stops, fricatives and affricates. Huang Wanmei. Unit Two: Stops. Learning Objectives. What are stop consonants? How to discriminate and pronounce stop consonants correctly? Introducing yourself. Consonants. What are consonants ?.

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Consonants: Stops, fricatives and affricates

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  1. Consonants: Stops, fricatives and affricates Huang Wanmei

  2. Unit Two: Stops Learning Objectives • What are stop consonants? • How to discriminate and pronounce stop consonants correctly? • Introducing yourself

  3. Consonants • What are consonants? Consonants are made by stopping the airflow in your mouth, either partially or completely.

  4. Stops: // // /t/ // // // • What are stop consonants? The stop consonants are made by completely stopping the airflow in the mouth, and then releasing the airflow into the sounds.

  5. // //

  6. /t/ //

  7. // //

  8. Practice 1: Listening • Page 15: Listening Exercise 1 • What are the differences between stops at the beginning of a word and those at the end? e. g. pat, lap • How to discriminate sounds like need and neat?

  9. Voiceless stops • At the beginning: strong releasing (送气); pat • At the end: very weak; lap • Voiced stops • At the beginning: vibration before releasing; bed • At the end: very weak; robe

  10. neat & need: which /i:/ is longer? • The vowel in front of a voiced consonant is longer than the one in front of a voiceless consonant.

  11. Practice 2: Speaking • Page 16: Speaking Exercise 1 • A (1- 5) • B (1- 5) • C (1- 5) • Same or different? • /p/ peak • /p/ speak

  12. Allophonic variations (音位变位) • // /t/ // • 在 /s/ 后形成辅音连缀时，发音时不送气 • Spot, stop, sky

  13. // // /g/ • 当和 /l/ 连缀时，称为舌侧爆破音 • Padlock, clock, glad • /t/ /d/ • 当处于辅音组合 /tr/ /dr/ 时，发音兼爆破和摩擦的特征 • Train, drain

  14. // // /t/ // // // • 当位于词尾，后接辅音时，不完全爆破 • Top tea, sit still, take three, rob the man, Dad said so, lag behind

  15. // // /t/ // // // • 当两个相同的爆破音相连时，只需要发一次爆破音，并延长发音时间 • Stop Pete, let Tim, take Kim, rob Bob, sad Dave, big grapes

  16. // // /t/ // // // • 当后面紧跟的是鼻音时，爆破不在口腔，而在鼻腔 • Stop him, rob him, button, bread’ n butter, beacon, pig and goat

  17. // // • 当后接前元音或圆唇音时，发音部位会前移或成圆唇 • Keen, geese, quarter, goose

  18. /t/ • 当处于两个元音之间时，听起来像闪音: letter • 当位于成音节 /n/ 或 /l/ 前时，成了声门爆破音: little • /k/ • 当位于成音节 /n/ 或 /l/ 前时，成了声门爆破音: bacon

  19. Practice 3: Speaking • Page 16: Speaking Exercise 1 • A (6-10) • B (6-10) • C (6-10)

  20. Practice 4: Introducing yourself • You are now at a party. The purpose of this party is to get to know others in the class. Go around the classroom and introduce yourself to at lease 3 people. Tell him/her your name, your hobbies, where you come from, etc. • Remember one rule: try to make others remember you.

  21. Unit Three: Fricatives & Affricates • What are fricatives and affricates? • How to discriminate and pronounce fricatives and affricates correctly? Learning Objectives

  22. Fricatives: // // // // /s/ // // // // • What are fricatives? • Fricatives are made by partially blocking the airflow, thus causing the friction-like noise characteristic of these sounds.

  23. Practice 1: Listening • Page 26: Listening Exercise 1

  24. Online Practice: • Say after me • A (1-5) • B (1-5) • C (1-5) • D (1-5) • E (1-5) • Speaking Exercise 2 • Listening Exercise 5

  25. Practice 2: Speaking • Speaking Exercise 5 • A: a student at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies • B: a Canadian friend working in Guangzhou • Talk about what you are going to do tomorrow • Try to speak fluently and naturally

  26. Thank you! huang_wanmei@163.com

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