Review for Final Exam

1. Review for Final Exam

2. Contents • 5 questions (20 points each) + 1 bonus question (20 points) • Basic concepts in Chapters 1-4 • Chapters 5-9 • Bonus: Chapter 5 • Question types • Write down the output of the code • Write the code • Debug errors in the code • Review • Lecture slides • Exercises (1)~(19) in class (on the course Web page) • Review problems for final exam (on the course Web page)

3. Time & Place & Event • Time: 10:15 am~12 pm, Dec. 12 (Wednesday) • Place: ENGR 1.250 • Closed-book exam • You can take a piece of cheating paper with A4 size • Write down whatever that you think is important (on both sides) with any font size

4. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ • Special symbols, keywords, rules of identifiers • Basic data types • int, float, double, char, string • Operators • Arithmetic operators and their precedence • +, -, *, /, %, +=, -=, *=, /= • Increment/decrement operator • ++, -- • Declaration of variables • int first=13, second=10; • char ch=' '; • Input/Output statement • cin and cout

5. Chapter 3: Input/Output • Declaration of input/output stream • Usage of cin and cout (as well as other istream/ostream variables)

6. Chapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection) • Relational operators and precedence • Comparison operators • <, <=, >, >=, ==, != • String comparison • Logical operators • &&, | | • Evaluation of logical expression

7. Chapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection, cont'd) • Syntax and usage of the selection structure • One-way selection: if () { } • Compound statements • Two-way selection: if () { } else { }

8. Chapter 5: Control Structures II (Repetition) • Repetition structure • Syntax and usage of the "for" loop • The nested for loop

9. Chapters 6 & 7: User-Defined Functions • Two types of user-defined functions • Value-returning functions and void functions • Differences • Syntax of function heading • Function prototype • Function heading without the body of the function

10. Chapters 6 & 7: User-Defined Functions (cont'd) • Function call • Use function name together with the actual parameter list • Two types of formal parameters • Value parameters • Reference parameters • Differences • Scope of an identifier • Local identifier • Global identifier

11. Chapters 6 & 7: User-Defined Functions (cont'd) • Function overloading • several functions with the same name but different parameter lists • Default parameters in function prototype • Places of default values • Default values cannot be assigned to reference parameters • See legal and illegal examples in lecture slides

12. Chapter 8: User-Defined Simple Data Types, Namespaces, and the string Type • Syntax of declaring an enumeration data type • Syntax of declaring a namespace • String data type • Syntax of declaring and initializing a string variable • string name = "William Jacob"; • Syntax of accessing characters in the string using array subscript operator [] • name[0]

13. Chapter 8: User-Defined Simple Data Types, Namespaces, and the string Type (cont'd) • Basic operations/methods of string data type • str = name + " Day"; • name.length()

14. Chapter 9: Arrays and Strings* • Declaration and initialization of arrays • Syntax and usage • Accessing array components • array subscripting operator [ ] • How to use for loops to access array elements • for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) • Initialization: list[i] = 0.0; • read data: cin >> list[i]; • Print data: cout << list[i]; • Search a key item from the array • find the sum, average, largest • See lecture slides int num[5];

15. Chapter 9: Arrays and Strings* (cont'd) • Array initialization during the declaration • double sales[] = {12.25, 32.50, 16.90, 23, 45.68}; • int list[10] = {0}; • int list[10] = {8, 5, 12}; • int list[] = {5, 6, 3}; • int list[25]= {4, 7}; • See lecture slides • Restrictions of array • Does not allow aggregate operations • Must use for loop to copy from one array to another

16. Chapter 9: Arrays and Strings* (cont'd) • C-String (character array) • C-strings are null-terminated ('\0') character arrays • Declaration and initialization • char name[16] = "John"; • char name[] = "John"; • Access the character in the C-String • name[0] ~ name[3] • '\0' is not counted at the length of the C-String • Parallel arrays • Two (or more) arrays holding related information in the corresponding components • 2-dimensional arrays

17. Good Luck! Q/A