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Unit 5: States of Consciousness

Unit 5: States of Consciousness. Unit Overview. Sleep and Dreams Hypnosis Drugs and Consciousness. Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation. Introduction. Consciousness States of consciousness Sleep Wake Altered states. States of Consciousness.

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Unit 5: States of Consciousness

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  1. Unit 5:States of Consciousness

  2. Unit Overview • Sleep and Dreams • Hypnosis • Drugs and Consciousness Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

  3. Introduction • Consciousness • States of consciousness • Sleep • Wake • Altered states

  4. States of Consciousness

  5. Sleep and Dreams

  6. Biological Rhythms and SleepCircadian Rhythm • Circadian rhythm • 24 hour cycle • Temperature changes • Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) • melatonin

  7. Biological Rhythms and SleepCircadian Rhythm

  8. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages • Stages of sleep • Awake • Alpha waves • Stage 1 • Sleep • Hallucinations • Hypnagogic sensations

  9. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages • Stages of sleep • Stage 2 • Sleep spindles • Stage 3 • Stage 4 • Delta waves • REM sleep

  10. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages

  11. Biological Rhythms and SleepREM Sleep • REM sleep vs NREM sleep • Paradoxical sleep • Typical nights sleep • 90 minute cycle

  12. Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep

  13. Why Do We Sleep? • Variations in sleeping patterns • Cultural influences • Sleep debt

  14. Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss

  15. Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss

  16. Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss • US Navy and NIH studies • Age and sleep loss • Chronic sleep loss • Spring and fall time changes

  17. Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss

  18. Why Do We Sleep?Sleep Theories • Sleep theories • Sleep protects • Sleep helps recuperation • Memory storage • Sleep and creative thinking • Sleep and growth

  19. Sleep Disorders • Sleep disorders • Insomnia • Narcolepsy • Sleep apnea • Night terrors • Sleepwalking/ sleeptalking

  20. DreamsWhat We Dream • Dreams • Manifest content • Latent content

  21. DreamsWhy We Dream • To satisfy our own wishes • To file away memories • To develop/preserve neural pathways • To make sense of neural static • To reflect cognitive development • REM rebound

  22. A Lifetime of Sleep

  23. Critical Considerations: Does not address the neuroscience of dreams.

  24. Hypnosis

  25. Introduction • Hypnosis • Hypnotic induction • Hypnosis as an altered state?

  26. Facts and Falsehoods • Can Anyone Experience Hypnosis? • Postural sway • Susceptibility • Can Hypnosis Enhance Recall of Forgotten Events? • Age regression

  27. Facts and Falsehoods • Can Hypnosis Force People to Act Against Their Will? • Can Hypnosis Be Therapeutic? • Hypnotherapists • Posthypnotic suggestion • Can Hypnosis Alleviate Pain?

  28. Explaining the Hypnotic StateHypnosis as a Social Phenomenon • “Good hypnotic subjects” • Social influence theory

  29. Explaining the Hypnotic StateHypnosis as Divided Consciousness • Hilgard • Dissociation • Unified account of hypnosis

  30. Levels of Analysis for Hypnosis

  31. Drugs and Consciousness

  32. Introduction • Psychoactive drugs

  33. Dependence and Addiction • Tolerance • Withdrawal • Dependence • Physical dependence • Psychological dependence

  34. Dependence and AddictionMisconceptions About Addiction • Addiction • Myths • Addictive drugs quickly corrupt • Addictions cannot be overcome voluntarily without therapy • The concept of addiction applies to all pleasure-seeking behaviors

  35. Psychoactive Drugs • Three types of psychoactive drugs • Depressants • Stimulants • Hallucinogens

  36. Psychoactive DrugsDepressants • Depressants • Alcohol • Barbiturates (tranquilizers) • Opiates

  37. Psychoactive DrugsDepressants - Alcohol • Disinhibition • Slowed neural processing • Memory disruption • Reduced self-awareness and self-control • Expectancy effects • Alcohol + Sex = The Perfect Storm

  38. Psychoactive DrugsDepressants – Barbiturates and Opiates • Barbiturate (tranquilizers) • Opiates • Endorphins

  39. Psychoactive DrugsStimulants • Introduction • Stimulants • Amphetamines • Methamphetamine (speed) • Crystal meth • Caffeine

  40. Psychoactive DrugsStimulants • Nicotine • Cocaine • Crack • Ecstasy • MDMA

  41. Psychoactive DrugsStimulants - Nicotine

  42. Psychoactive DrugsStimulants - Cocaine

  43. Psychoactive DrugsStimulants - Cocaine

  44. Psychoactive DrugsHallucinogens • Hallucinogens (psychedelics) • LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) • Acid • Near-death experience • Marijuana • THC

  45. Influences of Drug Use • Biological Influences • Psychological and Social-Cultural Influences

  46. Psychoactive Drugs

  47. Levels of Analysis for Drug Use

  48. The End

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