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CHAPTER 10 AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

CHAPTER 10 AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE. Section 1. Imperialism and America. Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition causes the United States to expand. NEXT. Section1:IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA. I. American Expansionism

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CHAPTER 10 AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

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  1. CHAPTER 10 AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

  2. Section 1 Imperialism and America Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition causes the United States to expand. NEXT

  3. Section1:IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA I. American Expansionism A. Throughout the 19th century America expanded their control of the continent to the Pacific Ocean (Manifest Destiny) B. Global Competition 1. Imperialism —policy of extending control over weaker nations C. In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa, compete for China D. Japan joins race for China; U.S. decides to expand overseas

  4. E. WHY IMPERIALISM? 1) Desire forMilitarystrength – Mahan advised strong navy a) Political rivalries – Each nation wanted a larger empire than the other, which led to more world power. b) Admiral Alfred T. Mahan urges U.S. to build up navy to compete and influence world c) U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third largest naval power – began under T. Roosevelt 2) Thirst fornewmarkets– to spur economy& trade. Industrial countries needed raw materials and markets for their surplus goods. U.S. farms, factories produce more than Americans can consume U.S. needs raw materials, new markets for goods b) Foreign trade: solution to overproduction, unemployment, depression 3) Belief inCulturalSuperiority a) Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in superiority of Anglo-Saxons, Manifest Destany - US leaders believed their culture was superior to any in the world (Western).

  5. Alfred T. Mahan U.S. naval officer who helped convince American leaders of the importance of maintaining a large navy and overseas territories.

  6. Anglo-Saxonism • Idea that came from Social Darwinism • English-Speaking nations were superior • Character • Ideas • Systems of Government • Destined to dominate the planet

  7. F. Growth of a ModernNavy 1. Americans became interested in protecting their interests overseas. 2. This required a navy that could compete with Europeans.

  8. II. THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Early Expansion A. William Seward—Secretary of State under Lincoln, Johnson B. 1867, arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million 1. has trouble convincing House to fund purchase Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly” C. Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil and after Seward's death, gold was discovered in Alaska. C. Became a state in 1959 Alaska

  9. III. U.S. TAKES HAWAII A. The Cry for Annexation ince 1790s, U.S. merchants stop in Hawaii on way to China, India 1820s, Yankee missionaries found schools, churches on islands B. Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations 75% of islands’ wealth C. 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor 1. becomes refueling station D.1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free (tax free) status of Hawaiian sugar E. Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so will not have to pay duty

  10. H. Importance of Hawaii 1. Midway between the U.S. and Asia. 2. Climate allowed for growing sugar, fruit. 3. U.S. began trade and settlement of Hawaii in 1887.

  11. The End of a Monarchy F. Queen Liliuokalani removed by business groups-1893 G. Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole • President Cleveland cannot make Dole surrender power to queen • recognizes Republic of Hawaii H. Under President McKinley, Congress proclaims Hawaii U.S. territory 1898 1. Annexation-to add on http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/hawaii

  12. Queen Liliuokalani

  13. Location of Hawaii

  14. SECTION 2: THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR I. Cubans Rebel against Spain A. During 1868–1878 Cuban war for independence, American sympathies with Cuba B. 1886 abolition of slavery leads to U.S. investment in sugar cane Cuba is just 90 miles south of Florida

  15. C. Latin American 1. U.S leaders wanted more trade and cooperation with Latin America. 2. Wanted to show Europe that US was the dominant power in Latin America 3. Cuba is in Latin America.

  16. Latin America

  17. The Spanish-American War

  18. CUBA’S SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE D.José Martí—poet, journalist—launches second revolution in 1895 1. Cuban revolutionary leader • Raised money from Americans • Planned an invasion of Cuba • Guerrilla campaign destroys American-owned sugar mills, plantations E. U.S. public opinion split: 1. business wants to support Spain 2. others favor Cuban cause- a revolt against colonial (Marti deliberately destroyed property, including American sugar plants, hoping to provoke American intervention) Marti

  19. Economic Ties to Cuba Cuban sugar imported into the U.S. Investments in Cuban mines, railroads and sugar plantations

  20. II. WAR FEVER ESCALATES Spain Takes Action • 1896, General Weyler sent to Cuba to restore order • Puts about 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps Headline Wars A. Newspapers exploit Spain’s abusive actions in circulation war 1.Yellow journalism—sensational writing used to lure, enrage readers B. Newspaper publishers William Randolph Hearst(New York Journal) and Joseph Pulitzer(New York World)exaggerated Spanish atrocities and brutality in “Headline Wars” Political cartoon: Pulitzer (left) and Hearst escalating and instigating war between the U.S. and Spain

  21. Yellow Journalism writers exaggerate or make up stories to attract readers. Support for Cuban rebels

  22. Example of Yellow Journalism

  23. Modern yellow journal

  24. Joseph Pulitzer Publisher of the New York World.

  25. William Randolph Hearst • Publisher of the New York Journal.

  26. McKinley’s Position on the War C. Headlines increase American sympathy for independent Cuba D. McKinley wants to avoid war, tries diplomacy to resolve crisis E. Private letter by Spanish minister Enrique Dupuy de Lôme published= The de Lôme Letter 1. calls McKinley weak, swayed by public F. Spain apologizes, de Lôme resigns; American public angry

  27. U.S.S. MAINEEXPLODES G. Early in 1888, U.S.S.Maine sent to pick up, or evacuate, U.S. citizens, protect U.S. property H. February 15, 1898 the Maine blows up in Havana harbor; newspapers blame Spain I. A navy report Spanish mine had sunk the ship. (More than 260 men were killed) Before After

  28. III. WAR ERUPTS WITH SPAIN A. Congress declared war on April 19, 1898. B.“Remember the Maine!” became a rallying cry for U.S. intervention in Cuba

  29. War with Spain Erupts “Remember the Maine!” • American people blamed Spain. • McKinley was under tremendous pressure to declare war. The U.S. Declares War

  30. U.S.S. Maine

  31. The Maine Explodes Unknown artist , 1898 Notice the men flying dramatically through the air

  32. Wreckage of the Maine

  33. “Remember the Maine!”

  34. Jingoism • An attitude of aggressive nationalism. • Very strong after the Maine incident.

  35. C. Causes of Spanish American war 1. American support for Cuban rebels 2. Yellow journalism 3. Explosion of the USS Maine

  36. D. War on TwoFronts U.S. forces fought the Spanish in two areas: (colonies) 1. A land war in Cuba. 2. A naval battle in the Spanish Colony of the Philippines.

  37. War on Two Fronts

  38. E. Advantages over Spain 1. Newer and better battleships 2. Spanish were poorly trained

  39. THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES F. The War in the Philippines 1. First battle with Spain occurs in Spanish colony of the Philippines 2. Commodore George Dewey destroys Spanish fleet in Manila harbor- defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay 3. Filipinos, led by revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo, support Dewey 4. August1898, Spanish troops in Manila surrender to U.S.

  40. George Dewey • American Admiral who defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay.

  41. Emilio Aguinaldo • Filipino revolutionary leader. • Unrest developed between Filipino revolutionaries and the Americans.

  42. Philippines

  43. I. THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN 1. U.S. blockades Cuba; Spanish fleet in Santiago de Cuba harbor followed by a land invasion by Roosevelt’s Rough Rider 2. Spanish fleet tries to escape blockade, is destroyed in naval battle 3. U.S. troops invade Puerto Rico soon after 4. Unlike navy, U.S. army has small professional force, many volunteers a) volunteers ill-prepared, ill-supplied

  44. Cuba

  45. J. Rough Riders 1.Rough Riders—Leonard Wood, Theodore Roosevelt lead volunteer cavalry 2. Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic San Juan Hill http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american-war

  46. Theodore Roosevelt • Second in command of the Rough Rider unit. • http://www.history.com/videos/roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war#roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war

  47. Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

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