What’s New in DB2 Universal Database for iSeries on V5R3

1. What’s New in DB2 Universal Database for iSeries on V5R3 BP01 Presented by Jarek Miszczyk, IBM Rochester

2. DB2 UDB for iSeries strategies • Openness - Industry standard support • Accomodate independent software vendors (ISVs) • Portability and compatibility • Flexibility • Commitment to developing the latest database technologies • Consistency across DB2 family • Shared R&D across IBM labs • Continue leveraging iSeries strengths • Availability • Scalability • Usability: Total cost of ownership • Application flexibility The industry trend toward off-the-shelf software results in a move to SQL ...

3. DB2 UDB for iSeries V5R3 introduction • Application flexibility and portability • Enhanced SQL standards support • INTERSECT • GET DIAGNOSTICS • Improved DB2 Family compatibility • SEQUENCE object • UTF encodings for Unicode • Column encryption • Native .NET Provider • Server consolidation • Database migration toolkits • Availability • Online and parallel reorganize • "Ragged" save while active • Journal enhancements • Performance • SQL query engine enhancements • Star join enhancements • Constraint awareness • On demand statistics generation • Faster SQL deletes • Faster stored procedure call • Usability • iSeries Navigator enhancements • Reorganize table • Referential Integrity Constraint Manager • Enhanced RPG SQL Precompiler

4. Application development enhancements

5. Application development enhancements: SQL & RPG • Enhanced ILE RPG SQL Precompiler • Qualified subfield names support based on the RPG IV D-spec QUALIFIED keyword • New option for conditional precompilation: /If, /Define, /Include, and nested /Copy directives • Properly parses source members with subprocedures (eliminates out of sequence error) • Allows use of array data structures on blocked Fetch and Insert • Supports host structure in Update statements (cannot be array datastructure) • Allows use of LIKEDS and LIKEREC • New COMPILEOPT parameter on CRTSQLRPGI to eliminate two-step compile process • Supports RPG logical (indicator) variable

6. OS/400 and DB2 UDB as the server OS/400 OS/400 JDBC CLI* Embedded DRDA Native/DDM AIX DB2 UDB for iSeries JDBC DRDA iSeries Toolbox JDBC DB2 Connect (DRDA) DB2 Information Integrator (DRDA) Linux JDBC ODBC DRDA iSeries Toolbox JDBC iSeries ODBC DB2 Connect (DRDA) Windows JDBC ODBC OLE DB .NET DRDA iSeries ODBC and Toolbox JDBC DB2 Connect (DRDA) DB2 Information Integrator (DRDA) * OS/400 PASE only supports call level interface (CLI)

7. Application development enhancements: .NET • Native .NET provider for iSeries • Allows applications using Microsoft’s .NET framework to access DB2 UDB for iSeries databases • Packaged in the iSeries Access for Windows V5R3 client • Restrictions: • Package support (Ext Dynamic) • Datalink columns • User-defined type (UDT) columns • Record-level access • CMD/PGM call • Data queues • V5R3 functionality includes: • Connection pooling • Stored procedures • SQL naming • Unicode • Isolation level/commitment control • Tracing • Compression Added in iSeries Accesss SI15176 Service Pak • System naming ( / ) • Large Objects (LOBs)

8. Application development enhancements: .NET

9. Application development enhancements: Java and Web services • Support for scrollable stored procedure result sets (all SQL interfaces) • Toolbox JDBC Driver enhancements • Enhanced AutoCommit: Isolation level other than *NONE can now be used • Enhanced XA (distributed transaction support) • Extensible Program Call Markup Language (XPCML) • Native JDBC Driver enhancements • Improved performance of character data processing • DB2 Web services • Actually available after GA V5R2 with WebSphere Application Server Express V5.0 • Support for SQL Select, Insert, Update, and Delete statements along with stored procedure calls • Web services Object Runtime Framework (WORF) component handles invocation and Extensible Markup Language (XML) formatting out of results

10. Application development enhancements: OLE DB, ODBC, CLI • Enhanced OLE DB provider • SQL-only provider (IBMDASQL) including Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) support • Support for commitment control • Support for SQL packages (for example, Extended Dynamic) • ODBC driver enhancements • Enhanced MTS and XA transaction support • Enhanced autocommit • ODBC driver for Linux applications • CLI improvements • Column-wise binding to complement existing row-wise binding support • SQLGetInfo enhanced to return SQL_Keywords and Connection_Job_Name • New connection attributes for: • Setting minimum and maximum values for precision and scale • Hex literals designation

11. DB2 and SQL enhancements

12. New column types and attributes • Binary and VarBinary data types • Large decimals: Up to 63-digit precision • New Unicode support: UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings • Enhances performance in Unicode-based environments, such as Java, by eliminating EBCDIC to Unicode conversion • Examples: • UTF-8: name CHAR(10) CCSID(1208) • UTF-16: name GRAPHIC(10) CCSID(1200) • UCS-2: name GRAPHIC(10) CCSID(13488)

13. New functions for column encryption and decryption Encrypt and decrypt SQL scalar functions • ENCRYPT_RC2, ENCRYPT, DECRYPT_BINARY, DECRYPT_BIT, DECRYPT_CHAR, DECRYPT_DB and new SQL statement SET ENCRYPTION PASSWORD • These are not related to table or column-level security, just data encrypting • Require the IBM Cryptographic Access Provider 128-bit product • CREATE TABLE emp( • id VARCHAR(16) FOR BIT DATA, • name VARCHAR(50)) • SET ENCRYPTION PASSWORD = 'protect‘ /* set the default to use in this program */ • INSERT INTO emp VALUES(ENCRYPT('112233'), 'BOB SANDERS' ) /*use the default */ • SELECT DECRYPT_CHAR(id), name FROM emp /* no need to specify a password –use the default which has been set */ • OR • SELECT DECRYPT_CHAR(id, ‘protect’), name FROM emp /* explicitly specify the password */

14. New functions for column encryption and decryption • Password management • When connected to remote databases, the password is sent in the clear. Consider using communication encryption (for example, IPSEC or SSL). • The best option is to store the password in an OS/400 validation list. • The encryption password is stored in the encrypted data value, and the list entry name can be the table name or some other identifier. • Validation list suggestions: • Make public authority *EXCL • Programs need authority to access validation list; best to use program adopted authority • Password Hint (if stored) retrieved with GETHINT function • SELECT GETHINT(id) FROM... • Native programs access: • Encryption: Use Before triggers to intercept write requests and then have the trigger execute the Encrypt function against sensitive columns. • Decryption: Define SQL View containing decrypt and then open SQL View as a logical file to read unencrypted data.

15. Sequence object • Another DB2 construct that supports the automatic generation of column values • Viewed as a superset of V5R2 identity columns • Generated values easily shared across tables • Can create constant sequence to be used as global DB2 variables • Example: • CREATE SEQUENCE order_seq • START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NO MAX VALUE • INSERT INTO orders(ordnum,custnum) • VALUES (NEXT VALUE FOR order_seq, 123) • VALUES NEXT VALUE FOR order_seq INTO :hostvar • UPDATE orders SET ordnum = :hostvar • WHERE custnum = 123

16. Sequence object (cont.) • Sequence values can be changed and altered with ALTER SEQUENCE statement • Sequence values can be used to generate non-numeric key • CREATE SEQUENCE s START WITH 1001; ... ID='N'||CAST(NEXTVAL FOR s AS CHAR(4)) • Customizable sequence attributes • START WITH & INCREMENT BY • MINVALUE & MAXVALUE • CYCLE & NO CYCLE • CACHE & NO CACHE: To improve performance, DB2 allocates a block of sequence values at the job or connection level. • ORDER & NO ORDER: ORDER ensures that values are returned in the actual order that they are requested independent of the job or connection. NO ORDER is the default. ORDER also disables caching. CREATE SEQUENCE s1 CACHE 20 ORDER Job1: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 1 Job 2: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 2 Job 1: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 3 Job 1: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 4 Job 2: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 5 CREATE SEQUENCE s1 CACHE 20 NO ORDER Job1: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 1 Job 2: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 21 Job 1: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 3 Job 1: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 4 Job 2: NEXTVAL FOR s1 => VALUE = 22

17. INSERT and SELECT enhancements • INSERT row expression values for blocked inserts • INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (11,‘TESTING'), (2,‘ADMINISTRATION') • EXCEPT and INTERSECT operators • Return all rows that are in t1, but not t2 • (SELECT cusnum FROM orders2003) EXCEPT DISTINCT (SELECT cusnum FROM orders2004 ) • All rows that exist in both t1 and t2 • (SELECT cusnum FROM orders2003) INTERSECT DISTINCT (SELECT cusnum FROM orders2004 ) • Named column joins • SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 USING (c1, c2, c3) • Lateral correlation • SELECT * FROM t1,TABLE(SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE t1.c1=t2.c1) AS t3

18. Cursor sensitivity • Cursor sensitivity controls if the database recognizes table changes (insert, update, delete) after a cursor is open • ASENSITIVE: The default. DB2 can choose any setting. Updatable cursors always default to SENSITIVE. • INSENSITIVE: Cursor is insensitive to table changes and behaves as a read-only cursor by creating a temporary result file to process. • SENSITIVE: Cursor implementation has some sensitivity to table changes (NEW) • Interface • Embedded SQL: New keywords on DECLARE CURSOR and PREPARE ATTRIBUTES • OLE DB "Cursor Sensitivity" connection property (0-Asensitive/1- Insensitive/2-Sensitive) • Static cursors are always insensitive (same for ODBC) • Forward Only cursors can never be sensitive (same for ODBC) • ODBC: SQL_ATTR_CURSOR_SENSITIVITY attribute on SQLSetStatementAttr (ODBC 3.0) or CURSORSENSITIVITY Connection keyword (ODBC 2.0) • JDBC: "Cursor sensitivity" connection property (asensitive/insensitive/sensitive) • Insensitive value only recognized with TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY result set type • Sensitive value only recognized with TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE result set type

19. Dynamic cursor control and improved diagnostics • Dynamic cursor control with cursor attributes on PREPARE • Allows you to adjust the sensitivity, scrolling, lock holding, and result set attributes of an existing cursor • PREPARE s1 ATTRIBUTES :hv1 FROM :stmt • New GET DIAGNOSTICS statement • Superset of all SQL error and diagnostic interfaces • Provides functionality and information similar to ODBC "SQLGet" functions like SQLGetConnectAttr & SQLGetStmtAttr • Two examples: Statement info: GET DIAGNOSTICS rcount = ROW_COUNT, rcmd = COMMAND_FUNCTION, rnbr = NUMBER, more = MORE Connection info: GET DIAGNOSTICS rcname = CONNECTION_NAME, rcsts = CONNECTION_STATUS, rnbr = DB2_PRODUCT_ID

20. Proc 1 Proc 1 . . . . . . RETURN TO CALLER RETURN TO CLIENT Proc n-1 Proc n-1 Proc n Proc n Stored procedure enhancements • Scrollable stored procedure result sets (cursor only) • Faster call processing • Up to 50% performance improvement on repeated calls within a connection • Improved processing of long SQL procedure names • Improved procedure resolution with unqualified procedure calls & *SYS naming • External procedure enhancements • Support for service program objects • Improved external program marking • Improved SQL procedure (function and triggers) with more efficient code generation • DB2 Family compatibility: • WITH HOLD clause for FOR loop • RETURN TO CLIENT & RETURN TO CALLER syntax for result set processing

21. Richer SQL function set REPLACE Returns a string where a given string is replaced with another string. SELECT REPLACE('ABCXYZ','ABC','123') FROM t1 returns '123XYZ'. EXTRACT Returns the specified portion of a datetime value. SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM datecol) FROM t1 returns the year from the date. INSERT Returns a string where one substring is deleted and another substring is inserted. SELECT INSERT('INSERTING',1,3,'XX') FROM t1 returns 'XXERTING' REPEAT Returns a string composed of another string repeated n times SELECT REPEAT('ABC', 2) FROM t1 returns 'ABCABC'. DAYNAME Returns the name of the day of the week. SELECT DAYNAME(datecol)FROM t1 returns the name of the day from the date MONTHNAME Returns the month name from a datetime value. SELECT MONTHNAME(datecol) FROM t1 returns the name of the month from the date. RIGHT Returns the rightmost N characters from a string. SELECT RIGHT('ABCXYZ',3) FROM t1 returns 'XYZ'. TIMESTAMP_ISO Returns a timestamp based on a date, time, or timestamp argument. SELECT TIMESTAMP_ISO(datecol) FROM t1 returns the timestamp from datecol. Other new functions include MULTIPLY_ALT, BIT_LENGTH, OCTET_LENGTH, DATABASE

22. Miscellaneous DB2 enhancements • Scalability improvements • 256 Tables in a view • 1.7 TB table size limit • CPYFRMIMPF support for BLOBs (V5R2 PTF available: SI08237) • DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP literals • LOCAL TIME and LOCAL TIMESTAMP special registers • New Exit Point for Database Open: QIBM_QDB_OPEN - Offers more info & control than Object-Level Auditing - Exit Program can cancel the Open operation if it considers access to be unauthorized - Exit Program can differentiate between Opens caused by query versus application

23. Positioning partitioned and materialized query tables • Partitioned tables • Allow a table to be stored in multiple members but treated as one • ONLY should be used in cases where the single table limit of 1.7 TB or 4.2 billion rows is exceeded • Partition tables should not be used to improve performance • Limited optmizer awareness of partitions, especially the CQE query optimizer • Fast delete of rows in a partition is supported • Requires the DB2 Multisystem feature of OS/400 • If you are considering using partitioned tables in V5R3, then contact the DB2 Solutions Enablement Team first • Technology preview: Materialized query tables (automatic summary tables) • Only creation of MQTs supported • Query Optimizer is not aware of MQTs; MQTs are not used by optimizer to improve query performance until future releases • Can manually query the MQTs

24. Performance enhancements

25. V5R3 DB2 performance enhancements • Enhanced SQE capabilities • Caching of deterministic UDF calls • SQE only • Faster stored procedure call processing • Improved SQL function and procedure expressions • Faster DELETE without WHERE clause statements • CLRPFM used when used with "No Commit" isolation level • Special ALTER TABLE used when run with isolation level/commit • Enhanced database monitor • Ability to suppress monitor records for short-running SQL requests • Filter to eliminate DB2 generated SQL statements • More diagnostic details on events that force full open/ODP creation • Parallel reorganize

26. V5R3 SQE enhancements • Elimination of the following V5R2 restrictions: • View references • UNION • Subqueries • Derived Tables and common table expressions • Update and delete-capable statements • ALWCPYDTA(*YES) & SENSITIVE cursors • Remaining SQE restrictions: • LIKE predicate • LOB columns • Sort sequences • ALWCPYDTA(*NO) • Logical file references • Select/omit logical files • Non-SQL interface

27. V5R3 SQE enhancements (cont.) • Star Join recognition • Or lookahead predicate generation • Check constraint awareness • SQE Stats Manager can use constraints to improve accuracy of filter factors and cardinality • SQE Optimizer rewrites a query to avoid execution when input data is out of range • Constraint Def: CHECK(col1 BETWEEN 1 AND 100) • Original Query: SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE col1=:hv • Rewritten Query: • SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE (:hv BETWEEN 1 AND 100) AND col1 = :hv • RI constraint awareness • SQE Optimizer can rewrite query to eliminate join combinations • Immediate on-demand statistics generation • Result set caching

28. Performance: New QAQQINI options Option Description Possible values DATABASE_MONITOR_THRESHOLD Allows only SQL statements with an estimated runtime exceeding the threshold to be captured by the monitor Integer, 2147483647 secs SQL_DBMON_OUTPUT Controls the types of SQL statements collected by the monitor based on the requestor *USER,*ALL, *SYSTEM SQL_STMT_COMPRESS_MAX* Allows the user to adjust background access plan compression when using SQL packages Integer(1-255,2) IGNORE_DERIVED_INDEX Allows SQE to process SQL statement even when an unsupported index type exists over the table(s) *NO, *YES Allows user to control when and how V5R3 SQL Fast Delete support is used *NONE, *OPTIMIZE, Integer SQL_FAST_DELETE_COUNT * CACHE_RESULTS * Allows SQE queries to use cached results sets from previously run queries *SYSTEM, *JOB,*NONE * Available only on V5R3; no PTFs for prior releases

29. Availability enhancements

30. Save-while-active enhancement • "Ragged" save while active (SWA) • No need to wait for commit boundaries to be reached • SAVACTWAIT(*NOCMTBDY) • New wait time parameters: • Commit record changes • Commit object changes • Supported by Backup Recovery and Media Services (BRMS)

31. Journal enhancements • New Change Journal Object (CHGJRNOBJ) command to adjust journal attributes on the fly • New journal sequence maximum: *MAXOPT3 • New defaults for journal commands and settings • CRTJRNRCV: THRESHOLD default changes from *NONE to 1.5 GB • CRTJRN: MNGRCV default changes from *USER to *SYSTEM • APYJRNCHG/RMVJRNCHG:CMTBDY default changed to *YES • AUDIT Journal: Uses RCVSIZOPT(*MAXOPT1) • SMAPP (EDTRCYAP): *SYSDFT drops from 90 to 60 minutes • Journal performance improvements • Faster long-running ROLLBACKs • Remote journal super bundling • RCVJRNE performance improved 15 to 20%

32. Online and parallel reorganize • New reorganize capabilities activated with new parameter ALWCANCEL(*YES) • ALWCANCEL(*YES) requires file to be journaled • New parameter, LOCK, controls the concurrent access • If Exclusive lock is not requested, then row order may be different and space may not be reclaimed • Parallel capabilities rely • on DB2 SMP licensed feature • being installed and activated • New Index Rebuild • parameter RBDACCPTH • RI and unique indexes are always maintained

33. Online and parallel reorganization comparison ALWCANCEL(*NO) ALWCANCEL(*YES) KEYFILE (*NONE) KEYFILE (*FILE or keyfile) KEYFILE (*RPLDLTRCD) KEYFILE (*NONE) KEYFILE (*FILE or keyfile) Yes Yes Yes Cancel and restart No No Yes Yes Concurrent Access No No Yes Data movement and index rebuilds Data movement and index rebuilds Parallel processing Only index rebuilds Only index rebuilds Data movement and index rebuilds Very fast Slowest Non-parallel performance Very fast Fast Slower Journal receiver storage Journal receiver storage Temporary storage Double data storage Double data storage Journal receiver storage N/A Duplicate ordering preserved LIFO KEYFILE index processing N/A Duplicates reversed N/A Synchronous or asynchronous rebuilds Synchronous or asynchronous rebuilds Maintain indexes or synchronous or asynchronous rebuilds Maintain indexes or synchronous or asynchronous rebuilds Maintain indexes or synchronous or asynchronous rebuilds Index processing (non-KEYFILE) Yes Yes Final row position exact Only if LOCK(*EXCL) and not restarted Only if LOCK(*EXCL) and not restarted Only if LOCK(*EXCL) and not restarted Smallest Next smallest Amount of CPU & I/O used Smallest More Most Good Good Variable length segment reorganize Worse Worse Worse Yes Yes Allows referential integrity parents and FILE LINK CONTROL DataLinks No No No Yes Yes Allows QTEMP & Database Cross Ref Files No No No Minimal - one journal entry Minimal - one journal entry HABP replication cost More - journal entires for all rows moved Most - journal entires for all rows moved Most - journal entires for all rows moved

34. iSeries Access and utilities

35. iSeries Navigator enhancements • DB2 object type folders • Show related (graphical DSPDBR) • Constraint management interface (graphical WRKPFCST) • Reorganize Table Manager • Index Analyzer • SQE Aware Visual Explain • Run SQL enhancements • Font Chooser • Integrated support for Graphical Debugger • Run & Explain support for stored procedure calls • New Show command • Improved multitasking support

36. iSeries Navigator: Show related objects

37. iSeries Navigator – Index Evaluator Note: This feature requires iSeries Access V5R3 Service Pak #2 and the following PTFs: SI12938 & SI12873

38. iSeries Navigator: RI constraint management

39. iSeries Navigator - Graphical Procedure Debugger

40. Database program product enhancements DB2 Query Manager and SQL Development Kit (5722-ST1) • Interactive SQL • Session attributes for SQL rules and password visibility • Partitioned table support • Query Manager • Data type support added for binary, varying binary, larger decimal numbers, UTF-8, and UTF-16 • SQL Precompilers • BINARY, VARBINARY, and larger decimal numbers host variables • New command parameters COMPILEOPT and DECRESULT • Data structure allowed in an UPDATE statement • SQL diagnostic area changes • Increased length of user ID parameter in DRDA connections • ILE RPG enhancements

41. Database program product enhancements (cont.) • DB2 UDB Extenders for iSeries V8 (5722-DE1) • Full schema support • Support for decomposing documents that contain non-unique attribute and element names • XML Extender uses the XML Parser, which is delivered in the XML Toolkit for iSeries (5733-XT1 option 5). You must install this product before using XML Extender for iSeries on V5R3. • Query for iSeries (5722-QU1) • Data type support added for binary, varying binary, CLOB, BLOB, DBCLOB, larger decimal numbers, user defined types, UTF-8 and UTF-16 • New functions: HEX, LENGTH, BINARY and VARBINARY • Support for partitioned tables

42. DB2 migration toolkits • Oracle Migration Toolkit • Support for V5R3 SQL enhancements, • Sequence objects a big improvement • for Oracle migrations • Services available from the IBM Custom Technology Center • Free download at: http://www.ibm.com/servers/enable/site/db2/porting.html • Other toolkits • Re-engineering of existing SQL Server & Sybase Migration Tool into the "Oracle" MTK architecture and interface • Informix Migration Toolkit in beta

43. SWG utilities for DB2 UDB for iSeries • DB2 UDB Extenders for iSeries • Support for XML Schemas and not fenced UDFs • QMF for WebSphere • Follow on to QMF for Windows • Currently available in beta • DB2 Information Integrator • DB2 Development Center • Support for Java and external stored procedures

44. SWG utilities for DB2 UDB for iSeries (cont.) • DB2 OLAP Server • DB2 Web Query Tool (Websphere based) • DB2 Table Editor (graphical STRDFU) • DB2 Data Propagator

45. Rational XDE Data Modeler: iSeries support soon

46. DB2 UDB Family certifications • Certified Database Associate - DB2 UDB Family (Test 700) • Web site:http://www.ibm.com/certify/certs/dbdaudv81.shtml • Education resources:http://www.ibm.com/certify/tests/edu700.shtml • Online tutorial:http://www7b.boulder.ibm.com/dmdd/library/tutorials/db2cert/db2cert_V8_tut.html • Certified Application Developer - DB2 UDB Family (Test 703) • Web site:http://www.ibm.com/certify/certs/dbapudv81.shtml • Education resources:http://www.ibm.com/certify/tests/edu703.shtml • Sample Tests:http://www.ibm.com/certify.torolab.ibm.com/ice • Exams were refreshed and updated for DB2 UDB for iSeries

47. Summary of V5R3 DB2 UDB enhancements • Greater functionality for key application development environments • New SQL functions and data types • Optimizer enhancements • Increased system availability options • iSeries Navigator usability improved • Many complementary database utilities or products now available

48. Additional information • DB2 UDB for iSeries home page:http://www.iseries.ibm.com/db2 • Newsgroups • USENET: comp.sys.ibm.as400.misc, comp.databases.ibm-db2 • iSeries Network (NEWS/400 Magazine) SQL & DB2 Forum: http://www.iseriesnetwork.com/Forums/main.cfm?CFApp=59 • Education Resources - Classroom and online • http://www.iseries.ibm.com/db2/db2educ_m.htm • http://www.iseries.ibm.com/developer/education/ibo/index.html • DB2 UDB for iSeries Publications • Online Manuals:http://www.iseries.ibm.com/db2/books.htm • Porting Help: http://www.iseries.ibm.com/developer/db2/porting.html • DB2 UDB for iSeries Redbooks (http://ibm.com/redbooks) • Stored Procedures & Triggers on DB2 UDB for iSeries, SG24-6503 • DB2 UDB for AS/400 Object Relational Support, SG24-5409 • SQL/400 Developer's Guide by Paul Conte and Mike Cravitz • http://as400network.com/str/books/Uniquebook2.cfm?NextBook=183