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Facilitator Training: Terminology

Facilitator Training: Terminology. Dian Seidel NOAA Air Resources Lab. Types of Terms Covered. Meteorological Observations Parameters Instruments Tools Metrological (measurement-related) Programmatic acronyms. Met. Terms: Observations. Upper-Air: Atmosphere above the surface.

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Facilitator Training: Terminology

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  1. Facilitator Training: Terminology Dian Seidel NOAA Air Resources Lab NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  2. Types of Terms Covered • Meteorological • Observations • Parameters • Instruments • Tools • Metrological (measurement-related) • Programmatic acronyms NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  3. Met. Terms: Observations • Upper-Air: Atmosphere above the surface. • Sounding = profile – measurement of the vertical structure of a parameter in the atmosphere • In situ: in place, sensor is immersed in the air • Remotely sensed: from afar, e.g., from a satellite or a ground-based or aircraft-mounted remote sensor • Parameters, elements: physical aspects of the atmosphere to be measured NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  4. Met. Terms: Upper-Air Parameters • Vertical Coordinate • Height – above ground or above sea level • Pressure - • Geopotential height • Others (isentropes, potential temperature) NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  5. Met. Terms: Upper-Air Parameters • Priority 1 parameters • Temperature • Pressure: force/area due to weight of overlying air • Geopotential height: height of a given point in the atmosphere in units proportional to potential energy of unit mass at this height relative to sea level • Water Vapor: matrices use mixing ratios (g/kg), but observations may be of relative humidity, vapor pressure, specific humidity … • Wind Speed and Direction • Ozone Concentration NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  6. Met. Terms: Upper-Air Parameters • Priority 2 parameters • Aerosol properties • Cloud properties • Precipitation properties • Radiation properties NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  7. Met. Terms: Tools • Radiative Transfer Models (RTM) • A physical/mathematical model of how radiation passes through the atmosphere • Accounts for scattering, absorption and emission • Relates radiances to meteorological parameters (satellite observations to in situ observations) • Reanalysis / Ongoing Analysis • Climatological meteorological fields based on observations enhanced by assimilation into a weather prediction model • Spatially, temporally, and physically more complete than the original observations, so useful for climate studies NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  8. Measurement-Related Terms • Measurement Accuracy: deviation of an observation from the true value, bias error • Measurement Precision: repeatability of an observation, random error • Measurement Range: span from minimum to maximum value to be observed • Long-Term Stability: changes in accuracy (bias) over time NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  9. Precision and Accuracy NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  10. Long-Term Measurement Stability Parameter Time NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  11. Instruments: Radiosonde NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  12. Instruments: Radiosonde NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  13. Instruments: Ozonesonde NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  14. Instruments: GPS NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  15. Instruments: UAV NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  16. Instruments: Other terms • Reference Radiosonde – a more highly calibrated radiosonde • Lidar – remote sensor operating on the same principles as radar, but using light, not radio, waves • Satellite orbits: geostationary vs polar orbiting NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

  17. Acronyms • GCOS – Global Climate Observing System • GUAN – GCOS Upper Air Network • AOPC – Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate • GEOS – Group on Earth Observing System • WMO – World Meteorological Organization • NDSC – Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change • UNFCCC – UN Framework Convention on Climate Change • Myriad of satellite sensor acronyms • GPS – Global Positioning System; GPSMet NOAA/GCOS Workshop to Define Climate Requirements for Upper-Air Observations, 8-11 February 2005

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