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Unit 4: Motivation, Emotion, Personality

Unit 4: Motivation, Emotion, Personality. Ch. 8: Social Influences Ch. 13: Personality Emotion Motivation. What would you do. if you witnessed your co-worker stealing from the cash register? Scheduled to work a shift but your friend invites you out?

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Unit 4: Motivation, Emotion, Personality

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  1. Unit 4: Motivation, Emotion, Personality Ch. 8: Social Influences Ch. 13: Personality Emotion Motivation

  2. What would you do. . . • if you witnessed your co-worker stealing from the cash register? • Scheduled to work a shift but your friend invites you out? • if you passed a broken down car on the side of the road? • if you overheard someone being cruel to another? • if your friends were gossiping about someone you really liked? • if you saw a gang shooting?

  3. Motivation • Obedience • Milgram • Stanford Prison Experiment • Why: • Allocate responsibility • Entrapment • Polite • routines

  4. Motivation • Social Influence • Attribution • Attitudes • Group Influence • Conformity • Diffusion of Responsibility • Deindividuation • Anonymity & Responsibility

  5. Emotion • Body Effects • Cognitive Effects • Paul Ekman • microexpressions

  6. Theories of Personality Trait Psychodynamic Humanistic Sociocultural

  7. Trait Theories • Based on empirical tests = valid & reliable • Myers Briggs • Gordon Allport (’30s-’60s)

  8. Central traits: small number of important traits that may affect larger behaviors such as how we deal with others, interact with our world, etc. • Secondary traits: changeable traits such as habits, preferences, etc.

  9. Raymond Cattell (1903-1998) • 16 personality factors to different degrees

  10. Big 5 (OCEAN) http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/ Openness vs. Close-mindedness [to experience] Conscientiousness vs. Careless Extroversion vs. Introversion Agreeableness vs. Disagreeable Neuroticism (negative emotion) vs. Stability

  11. Psychodynamics • Sigmund Freud • Unconscious psychological energies flowing throughout our body • Attachments • Securities • Control • Conflict • Motivation

  12. Three Systems of Psychodynamics • Id • Ego • Superego

  13. Defense Mechanism of the Ego • Repression • Regression • Displacement • Denial • Projection • Reaction Formation • [Sublimation]

  14. Stages of Development • Oral • Anal • Phallic • Latency • Genital

  15. Other Psychodynamic Theorists Alfred Adler (early 1900’s) -birth order; child neglect; spoiled children Karen Horney (1930’s-50’s) -neurosis; feminine psychology

  16. Carl Jung (1940’s-60’s) -collective unconscious Erik Erikson (1930’s-80’s) -psychosocial traits of development

  17. What were Allport’s and Cattell’s contributions to the study of personality? What term is identified with the Reality Principle? Who spoke of the collective unconscious? What are some of the six aspects that are present within coercive persuasion? What term means “attributions are influenced by our need to believe that justice always prevails?”

  18. Psychosocial Development Traits p. 552-553 • Give an example of how someone would learn “autonomy versus shame and doubt.” At what age would this, generally, be learned? • At what stage would it be critical for a child to experience delayed gratification?

  19. Humanistic Theory • Inner approach to personality • How we determine our own actions, consequences and future • Abraham Maslow (50s-60s) • Self-actualization

  20. Carl Rogers (60s-70s) • Fully functioning • Congruence • Unconditional positive regard • Rollo May (70s-80s) • Free will • Personalities reflect life’s struggles • existentialism

  21. Sociocultural Theory • Affected by societal norms, persuasions, perceptions • Influences our belief in ourselves, disposition, prejudices, social behaviors • Obedience • Polite manners • Task routines • Investments of time = entrapment • Social identities (ethnic identity) • Individualism vs. collectivism

  22. Group behavior • Conformity • Groupthink • -ultimate conformity • Idea that group is 100% correct; quiet dissenters; illusion of unanimity • Diffusion of Responsibility • Outcome spread around large # of people reducing indiv. accountability • Deindividuation (p. 297) • Feeling of invisibility

  23. Learning Theory Personality shaped through reinforcement and life experiences Ch. 14

  24. Social Development • Attachment • Harlow’s Monkey Experiment • Contact Comfort • Secure vs. Insecure Attachment • Separation Anxiety • Stranger Anxiety

  25. Parenting Authoritarian Authoritative Permissive • Daycare • Self-Esteem

  26. Physical & Cognitive Development • Puberty • Identity Formation (Erikson) • Identity Moratorium • Identity Foreclosure • Identity Diffusion • Identity Achievement

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