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Navigating Challenges: George Washington's Presidency and Early American Governance

This text examines the complexities faced by George Washington during his presidency (1789-1797), tackling foundational domestic and foreign policies. It covers the establishment of precedents, including the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Bill of Rights, and Hamilton's financial system, as well as conflicts with Jefferson and the implications of the Whiskey Rebellion. Washington's navigational stance on neutrality amid international tensions and political factions is highlighted, alongside his enduring impact on American governance and the significance of his Farewell Address.

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Navigating Challenges: George Washington's Presidency and Early American Governance

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Presentation Transcript

  1. An Ocean of Difficulty His Highness the President of the United States of America and the Protector of the Rights of the Same

  2. Precedents… • Precedents: set new examples • 2 terms • Cabinet • Political parties • Aristocracy… criticized • Relationships with Senate

  3. George Washington • Reluctance & Duty: “I walk on untrodden ground” Domestic Affairs- bedrock of administration • Judiciary Act of 1789: structure of the court system- Supreme Law of the Land (Supreme Court makeup- John Jay 1st) • Bill of Rights- James Madison (completing the Constitution debate)

  4. Cabinet • Treasury- Alexander Hamilton • State- Thomas Jefferson • War- Henry Knox • Attorney General- Edmond Randolph

  5. Hamilton’s Financial System • Father of the National Debt A) Funding of the Debt- 44 million • Funding in full • Speculation? Profiteering? B) State Debts- 22 million • Assumption of Debt Jefferson clashes (strict constructionist) • Compromise- Capital will be in Virginia C)Foreign Debt- 11 million

  6. Hamilton continued… 2. Provide for sound currency • Mint Act of 1792 • Tariff Act of 1789 (foreign tax) • Excise Act of 1791 (funding domestically) • Bank of the United States Corporation

  7. Constitutionality? • Private Corporation vs. Federal Necessary and Proper Clause vs Convenient • Was this a necessary act of Congress • Hamilton (loose) vs. Jefferson (strict) • Washington sides with Hamilton E)Report on Manufacture • Protective tariffs… develops young manufactoring

  8. Challenges 1794: Whiskey Rebellion • Pennsylvanian farmers- used whiskey as currency • Commander in Chief (first real and only)

  9. Foreign Affairs • French Revolution 1789 • Proclamation of Neutrality • “Citizen” Edmond Genet- observe revolution: go between for France Britain & France practicing impressment • Problems… new (letters from France) • Old- loyalists… restoration of property

  10. Battle of Fallen Timbers • 1794 • General Mad Anthony Wayne • Indians stocked by the British

  11. Jay & Pinckney Treaties England and the Great Lakes • England leaves Northwest Territory • Controversy (France or England) Spain & Mississippi River… right to use the river: • Pinckney Treaty

  12. Washington’s Farewell Address • 2 term presidency • Neutral Course… Europe • Avoid entangling alliances • Avoid political parties

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