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World War I At Home & Abroad

Explore the causes of World War I, the U.S. neutrality and its shift towards war, the mobilization efforts at home, the Treaty of Versailles, and the controversy surrounding the League of Nations.

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World War I At Home & Abroad

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  1. World War I At Home & Abroad

  2. Main Alliances The Allies/Triple Entente The Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (Turkey) • France • Great Britain • Russia

  3. WWI as the First “Total War” • 60 million fought • 8.5 million died in battle • 21 million wounded • 8 million civilians killed

  4. How War in Europe Start?

  5. Web of Alliances: Central Powers formed in 1882 • Austro-Hungarian Empire expanded into Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908 • Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany wanted to expand • Franz Ferdinand and wife assassinated in Sarajevo, June 18, 1914

  6. U.S. Neutrality? • Wilson’s Anglophilia • Economic ties between U.S. and Great Britain • U.S. Bank Loans: JP Morgan loaned $500 million to Allies • By 1917: $2.3 billion loaned to Allies vs. $27 million loaned to Germany

  7. What Changed U.S. Neutrality? • Sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boats, May 7, 1915

  8. Trench Warfare

  9. Machine Gun Gas Mask German U-boat

  10. U.S. Enters the War • “Zimmerman Telegram” from German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman to Germany’s Ambassador to Mexico • April 2, 1917: Congress voted for war

  11. “Over There,” 1917

  12. Mobilizing at Home, 1917 • April 1917: U.S. unprepared with only 120,000 in Army and 80,000 in National Guard • May 1917: Selective Service Act for men 21-31, later 18-45, to register for draft • Soldiers & Sex Education • Segregated military

  13. Organizing the Economy for War • War Industries Board mobilized economy • Fuel Administration introduced Daylight Savings • Food Administration and Herbert Hoover rationed wheat, meat, and sugar

  14. Promoting the War • Advertisements & Liberty Loans • Committee on Public Information led wartime propaganda • Immigrants targeted by CPI

  15. Treaty of Versailles, June 1919 • Germany disarmed & stripped of its colonies • Forced to admit sole blame for WWI • Reparation payment of $5 billion • Germany lost 1/10 of its population and 1/8 of its Territory

  16. The Fight Over the League of Nations • February 1919, 39 Republican Senators rejected League of Nations • Wilson’s speaking tour of 37 speeches in 22 days

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