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Understanding Animal and Plant Cell Structures and Functions

This informative overview highlights the essential components and functions of animal and plant cells. Key structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles are discussed. Understand the roles they play in cellular processes, including protein synthesis, energy production, and waste management. The plasma membrane's semi-permeable nature, bilayer formation from phospholipids, and significant differences between plant and animal cell components, such as chloroplasts and cell walls, are also explored for a comprehensive understanding of basic cell biology.

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Understanding Animal and Plant Cell Structures and Functions

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  1. Cells: the basic units of life SBI3C Ms. De Sousa

  2. Animal Cell Cytoplasm mitochondria Smooth ER Plasma membrane Nucleus Ribosomes Rough ER Centrioles Vacuole Golgi Apparatus

  3. Plasma Membrane • Semi-permeable • The membrane isfluidbecause all of the parts within the membrane are alwaysmoving

  4. Plasma Membrane • Made up of phospholipids • Phospholipids are arefattyacidsthat have a hydrophilicheadand hyrophobictail. • Due to itsproperties the phospholipids come together as a bilayer.

  5. Nucleus • Control centre of the cell • Enclosed in a mebrane« nuclearenvelope » • Pores suround the membrane • Inside of the nucleus thereisDNA.

  6. Ribosomes • Organelles that help to makeproteins • Float in cytoplasm or attachedto the ER

  7. EndoplasmicReticulum (ER) • Membranous tubes thatconnect to the nuclearenvelope • Rough ER: attached to ribosomes. Producesproteins • Smooth ER: no ribosomes. Producesfats • All of the productsfrom the ER are enclosed in vesicles

  8. Vesicles • Formwhen the membrane of ER pinches off • Theytraveltowards the golgi apparatus Vesicles tend to carry molecules to different locations in the cell.

  9. GolgiApparatus • Composed of manytubes • Changes fats and proteinsproduced in the ER • Packaged contents intovesicles

  10. Lysosomes • Formed by the golgi • Containenzymesthat help break down foreignmaterial, extracellular contents and damaged organelles. • Apoptosis: when the lysosome breaks down organellesthat are no longer functional

  11. Mitochondria • Undergocellular respiration • Producesenergy (ATP) for the cell • Contains 2 membranes: outermembrane and inner membrane (cristae) • Most reactionsoccur in the matrix

  12. Plant Cell Smooth ER Nucleus Large Vacuole Rough ER Cytoplasm mitochondria Plasma membrane Golgi Apparatus Cellwall Chloroplast

  13. Chloroplast • Containtwomembrnaes (outer and inner) • Thylakoids–membranous sacs that are stacked to form Grana. • Involved in photosynthesis • Stroma – fluidinside the chloroplast

  14. Large Vacuole • Membrane bound sac filledwithwatery solution • The pressure inside the vacuole helpskeep the plant cellrigid • Whenthereis not enough water in the plants, the vacuole deflates and the plant cellsbecomeflaccid.

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