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New Projects

New Projects. Viewing RA Packets with WireShark. Gogo6 Tunnel with Router Advertisements. Freenet6 Tunnel Broker. IPv6 Backbone. IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets. Native IPv6. gogoCLIENT. IPv6 RA Packet. SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration).

claudette-haiden
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New Projects

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  1. New Projects

  2. Viewing RA Packets with WireShark

  3. Gogo6 Tunnel with Router Advertisements Freenet6 Tunnel Broker IPv6 Backbone IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets Native IPv6 gogoCLIENT IPv6 RA Packet

  4. SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) • RA packet specifies first 64 bits of address & gateway address • Host generates the last 64 bits gogoCLIENT IPv6 RA Packet

  5. Router Advertisement (RA)

  6. Ubuntu Linux 10.10 SLAACWorks Properly

  7. BackTrack 4 R2 Linux RequiresManual Configuration

  8. Scanning a LAN

  9. IPv4-to-IPv6 Reverse Proxy IPv4-only Web server IPv6-to- IPv4 Reverse Proxy IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 Clients Legacy IPv4 Clients

  10. haproxy • Linux proxy and load-balancer • This configuration listens on IPv6 for clients and proxies to IPv4

  11. Proxy Listening on IPv6 • Port 80 for HTTP • Port 442 for HTTPS

  12. Proxy in Action • Put the IPv6 address in the browser • Press Enter • CCSF Webpageopens

  13. Not an IPv4 Connection

  14. Ch 4: IPv6 Advanced Topics

  15. Topics • Multihoming • Multicast • QoS • Mobile IPv6 • Jumbograms • DHCP • Prefix renumbering

  16. 4.1: Multihoming • Multiple addresses on the same node • Advantages: • Multiple paths to the Internet for fault-tolerance or load-balancing • QoS differentiation • Security policy enforcement • Costs: • Either the Internet backbone needs multiple routes to the host, or • The node must sort out the traffic

  17. Provider-Independent Addresses • IP addresses don’t change when you change ISPs • Easiest for end users to manage • Fragments and increases the Internet backbone routing tables • ARIN will give qualifying companies a /48, provider-independent

  18. Link Ch4a

  19. Live BGP Updates • Link Ch 4b

  20. IPv6 BGP table has 2000 routes at present, but it is growing • Link Ch 4c

  21. Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation (SHIM6) Specification • A way to limit IPv6 BGP table growth • Splits layer 3 into sublayers

  22. 4.2: IPv6 Multicast • IPv4 Broadcast packets are read by every node that receives them • Multicast packets are only read by nodes that have subscribed to that multicast group

  23. Multicast Advantages • Sender only needs to create one packet for many receivers • Less bandwidth consumption • Sender doesn’t need to know or remember how many listeners there are • Typical uses: streaming audio or video, router updates, Ghosting hard drives

  24. ARP Broadcast in IPv4 Where is the gateway?

  25. Takes the low-order 24 bits of this address (C7:113A) Appends them to the well-known solicited node multicast prefix, FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FF00::/104 Sends Neighbor Solicitation message to that solicited node multicast address FF02::1:FFC7:113A Neighbor Discovery in IPv6 What other address does FE80::4DF2:54C8:B8C7:113A have?

  26. Well-Known Multicast Addresses • Link-local scope • FF02::1 All Nodes • FF02::2 All Routers • FF02::1:2 All DHCP Agents

  27. Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) • A Protocol used by interfaces to join and leave multicast groups • Routers keep track of these groups for each interface on which they forward packets • Uses Multicast Listener Query and • Multicast Listener Report packets

  28. Multicast Address format • Always starts with FF • Flags are 0 for well-known addresses

  29. Scope Bits

  30. Demonstration • Using IPCONFIG to find the Interface ID in Windows 7 (%12) • IPv6 address ends in b225

  31. Demonstration • Sniff on the correct adapter in Wireshark • IPv6 address ends in b225

  32. Ping Local Interface ff01::1

  33. Ping Link-Local Interface ff02::1

  34. 4.3 IPv6 Quality of Service (QoS) • QoS includes several techniques to adjust performance for different types of traffic • Streaming media need low latency but can tolerate some packet loss • File transfer can tolerate latency but not packet loss

  35. IPv6 Advantages for QoS(not fully implemented yet) • End-to-end addressing; no need for NAT • Simpler header • Larger packet sizes • No in-route fragmentation • No broadcast & more efficient multicast • A new Flow Label field and larger Traffic Class field in the main IPv6 header

  36. 4.4 Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)

  37. MIPv6 Tems • Mobile Node (MN). A node using MIPv6 to change its point of network attachment • Home Address (HoA). The permanent, routable unicast address of the MN • Home Link. The link on which the MN’s HoA is defined • Foreign Link. Any link except the home link • Care-Of Address (CoA). A routable unicast address used by the MN on a foreign link • Correspondent Node (CN). A peer with which the MN is communicating

  38. More MIPv6 Terms • Home Agent (HA). A router on the MN’s Home Link with which the MN registers its CoA and which forwards traffic to and from the MN at its CoA • Route optimization. Direct communications between a MN and CN without involving a HA

  39. 4.5 Jumbograms • With an Extension Header, packets larger than 65,536 bytes are allowed • Up to 4 GB • But they will only become practical when networks handle packet sizes that big (not yet)

  40. 4.6 Address Selection • IPv6 interfaces have many addresses, so it is not obvious how to select from the available source addresses (or even destination addresses) when sending a packet • The selection process is common-sense; use the smallest scope, avoid deprecated addresses, etc.

  41. 4.7 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) for IPv6 • SLAAC doesn’t deliver DNS server info • DHCP is Stateful, and requires a server • Three primary configuration options are available for IPv6 interfaces: • 1. Use autoconfiguration and not DHCPv6. • 2. Use DHCPv6 and not autoconfiguration. • 3. Get an address with autoconfiguration and then use DHCPv6 to retrieve additional information.

  42. 4.8 IPv6 Prefix Renumbering • When you change ISPs, you need to update: • Manually assigned addresses for interfaces on routers • Routing information and link prefixes advertised by routers • Addresses on routers, firewalls, and packet filters used for access control or ingress filtering • Addresses assigned to interfaces with stateless address autoconfiguration • Addresses and other information provided by DHCPv6 • DNS records (primarily AAAA and PTR records, as well as DNSSEC) • All other instances of addresses in applications, command sequences, configuration files, and elsewhere.

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