html5-img
1 / 18

Topics in GU

Topics in GU. How to Read a UA. Random urinalysis. Nonfasting , screening only Used to assess overall health Monitor a specific condition Diagnose a medical condition All abnormal findings require further testing. Contents of urinalysis screening. Glucose .

claus
Télécharger la présentation

Topics in GU

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Topics in GU How to Read a UA

  2. Random urinalysis Nonfasting, screening only Used to assess overall health Monitor a specific condition Diagnose a medical condition All abnormal findings require further testing

  3. Contents of urinalysis screening

  4. Glucose What it means: Blood sugar spills into urine when glucose is very high Also found when kidneys are diseased or damaged What can affect it: Diabetes, may be undiagnosed; recent high sugar intake Nursing response: Recommendations include fingerstick BGM, HbA1c

  5. Bilirubin What it means: Biproduct of RBC degradation in liver and excreted as bile. What can affect it: If in urine, may indicate liver disease, biliary tract infection, or pancreatic causes of obstruction (lots!). Nursing response: Further patient history, recommend liver function testing.

  6. Ketones What it means: Not normally found in urine. Produced during fat metabolism. What can affect it: Diabetes, alcoholism, a state of starvation (even dieting), pregnancy Nursing response: Further patient history, compare with glucose and bilirubin results, recommend further testing.

  7. Specific gravity What it means: Measures the amount of substances in the urine. Indicates the kidneys’ ability to maintain balance. What can affect it: Kidney damage, heart failure, drinking too much or too little fluids, inappropriate secretion of ADH. Nursing response: Compare to glucose, protein. Evaluate fluid intake (oral or parenteral).

  8. Blood What it means: Blood that is not visible to the naked eye. What can affect it: Urinary tract infections, damage to the glomerulas, tumors, acute tubular necrosis, traumatic catheterization, passage of kidney stones, vaginal contamination during menstruation. Nursing response: Further patient history, review glucose, nitrite, and protein, recommend further testing.

  9. pH What it means: Measures hydrogen ion concentration of the urine. What can affect it: Acidic fruits (cranberries), high protein diet, metabolic or respiratory acidosis, diabetes, diarrhea, starvation can lower pH.Low carb, vegetarian diets, renal calculi, respiratory or metabolic alkalosis, urinary tract infection can raise pH.

  10. Protein What it means: Amount of albumin in urine. Albumin is a small protein. Early sign of kidney disease. What can affect it: Injury to the urinary tract, bladder, or urethra, inflammation, malignancies Nursing response: Compare to glucose, blood. Recommend BUN and creatinine.

  11. Urobilinogen What it means: Normally present in small quantities. <1% is passed in urine, rest in feces or back through liver. What can affect it: Cirrhosis, hepatitis, hemolytic and pernicious anemias, malaria Nursing response: Compare to CBC, recommend liver panel

  12. Nitrite What it means: Formed by the breakdown of urinary nitrates, usually caused by Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria What can affect it: suggests bacterial infection ( E.coli, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella), commonly found with UTI. Nursing response: Suggest urine C&S.

  13. Leukocytes What it means: Detects white cells in the urine. What can affect it: Commonly found in urinary tract infection, Nursing response: Compare to Nitrites. Suggest urine C&S.

  14. Sample UA Patient 63 year old Hispanic male. No abnormal health history. GLU >1000 mg/dl BIL Neg KET 15 mg/dl SG > 1.030 PRO > 300 mg/dl NIT Neg LEU Neg

  15. Sample UA 42 year old Hispanic male. No abnormal health history. GLU Neg BIL Neg KET Neg SG 1.025 BLO Large pH 6.0 PRO Neg URO 1.0 EU/dl NIT Neg LEU Neg

  16. Sample UA 45 year old Hispanic male. No abnormal health history. GLU Neg BIL Neg KET Neg SG > 1.030 BLO Neg pH 6.5 PRO 30 mg/dl URO 1.0 EU/dl NIT Neg LEU Neg

  17. Sample UA 44 year old Hispanic male. 1992: Diagnosed diabetes, takes Metformin. GLU Neg BIL Neg KET Trace SG 1.025 BLO Moderate pH 8.0 PRO 100 mg/dl URO 1.0 EU/dl NIT Neg LEU Neg

  18. Sample UA 56 year old Hispanic male. Worked all night, just had breakfast. GLU 250 mg/dl BIL Neg KET Neg SG >1.030 BLO Mod pH 5.5 PRO > 300 mg/dl URO 0.2 EU/dl LEU Neg

More Related