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Polarization Modulation with PEM for CD (courtesy Hinds Instr.)

Polarization Modulation with PEM for CD (courtesy Hinds Instr.). Linear Dichroism Schematic (courtesy Hinds Instr.). Spectrometer UV or IR. Linear polarizer. PEM. Variable angle of incidence. Linear Dichroism - Reflection (IRRAS) (courtesy Hinds Instruments).

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Polarization Modulation with PEM for CD (courtesy Hinds Instr.)

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  1. Polarization Modulation with PEM for CD (courtesy Hinds Instr.)

  2. Linear Dichroism Schematic(courtesy Hinds Instr.) Spectrometer UV or IR Linear polarizer PEM

  3. Variable angle of incidence Linear Dichroism - Reflection (IRRAS) (courtesy Hinds Instruments) Surface can be metal (high reflection, often grazing incidence) or dielectric, or even air-water interface For film on liquid use Langmuir-trough for sample--studies of peptides and proteins in membranes possible, orientation from polarization

  4. ATR Polarization Measurements IR beam multiply reflectsinside crystal -- penetrates surface keeps polarizations: Eperp in surface, Epara partially out In from FTIR E Crystal- Typ: Ge, ZnSe High index for refl. out Sample coated on crystal

  5. Schematic – External reflectance FTIR & L-B trough Dluhy, App.Spec.Rev.2000

  6. z E|| z B|| x B| E y x n = c/l l Light—Electro-Magnetic (E-M) radiation Tool for probing quantum mechanical states k|| y

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