Getting to California

1. Ch 21 Sec 3/4: The Atomic Age • “more bang for the buck” – Eisenhower’s argument for investing in nuclear weapons rather than conventional ones • massive retaliation – Ike’s belief that you had to be willing to use nuclear weapons in order for them to be effective • Sputnik – (Oct 1957) Soviets launch the first man made sattelite into outer space resulting in fears and insecurities for the American public • NASA – developed in order to harness America’s efforts towards the space race v. the Soviet Union • National Defense Education Act – the federal government provided more money for education to help the defense of the country (math, science, & foreign language) Highlight in your Reading Notes • “duck and cover” fallout shelters • gave a false sense of security that they could survive an attack and actually ENCOURAGED the use of atomic bombs Getting to California

2. The Week in Preview (Feb 9th – 13th) Mon (2/9) Ch 21 Sec 3 “New Red Scare - McCarthyism” Progress Reports Due Tue (2/3) Ch 21 Sec 3/4 “Living with the Atomic Bomb” BLITZ QUIZ Wed (2/4) Ch 21 Sec 4 “Eisenhower’s Foreign Policies” Thu (2/5)REVIEW FOR UNIT 9 TEST All Missing Work (Zs) to be completed in class Fri (2/13) TEST – “The Origins of the Cold War” Ch 21 and Ch 25 Sec 1____________ Thu (2/19) Open Note Reading Quiz Ch 24 Sec 1 “Civil Rights Movement Begins” pp. 746-752

3. Textbook Assignment (pp. 673-680) Ch 21 Sec 4: Eisenhower’s Policies • In order to survive a nuclear attack, what were Americans suppose to do and what were they asked to build? (p. 674) • Eisenhower’s new defense policy wanted to get more “Bang for the Buck”, how was this accomplished? (p. 676) • What was Sputnik, how did it effect the American psyche and what did the U.S. government do to respond to this challenge? (p. 677) • How did the uprising in Hungary and the launching of Sputnik change Nikita Khrushchev’s policies towards dealing with the United States? (p. 680) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 2

4. Chapter Objectives Section 4: Eisenhower’s Policies • Evaluate Eisenhower’s military policy known as the “New Look.”  • Debate the effectiveness of Eisenhower’s foreign policy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 5

5. Guide to Reading Main Idea As president, Eisenhower developed plans to reduce world tensions while containing and competing with communism.  Key Terms and Names • massive retaliation  • Central Intelligence Agency  • developing nation  • military-industrial complex • Sputnik • brinkmanship  • covert  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-1

6. Eisenhower’s “New Look”(cont.) • Eisenhower felt the way to win the Cold War was through a strong military and a strong economy. • Eisenhower believed a conventional war would be too expensive and would hurt the economy. • He believed the use of atomic weapons was necessary. • Eisenhower felt the United States needed a “New Look” in its defense policy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-6

7. Eisenhower’s “New Look”(cont.) • Eisenhower wanted to prevent war from happening in the first place. (pages 675–677) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-7

8. Eisenhower’s “New Look”(cont.) • A policy called massive retaliation was used to threaten the use of nuclear weapons on any Communist state that tried to gain territory through force. (pages 675–677) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-7

9. Eisenhower’s “New Look”(cont.) • This resulted in a cut in military spending and an increase in America’s nuclear arsenal. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-7

10. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4

11. “Radioactive poisoning of the atmosphere and hence annihilation of any life on Earth has been brought within the range of technical possibilities.” ALBERT EINSTEINPhysicist, 1950 This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook. Time Notebook 3C

12. Eisenhower’s “New Look”(cont.) • New technology brought the B-52 bomber, which could fly across continents and drop nuclear bombs anywhere in the world. (pages 675–677) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-8

13. Eisenhower’s “New Look”(cont.) • Intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarines capable of launching nuclear missiles were also created. (pages 675–677) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-8

14. Life During the Early Cold War • Communism and the threat of the atomic bomb dominated life for Americans and their leaders in the 1950s. • The threat of an atomic attack against the United States forced Americans to prepare for a surprise attack. (pages 673–674) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-20

15. Life During the Early Cold War • Although Americans tried to protect themselves, experts realized that for every person killed instantly by a nuclear blast, four more would later die from fallout, the radiation left over after the blast. (pages 673–674) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-21

16. (pages 675–677) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-7

17. Life During the Early Cold War (pages 673–674) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-21

18. Life During the Early Cold War (cont.) • Some families built fallout shelters in their backyards and stocked them with canned food. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-21

19. “It will make a wonderful place for the children to play in, and it will be a good storehouse, too.” MRS. RUTH CALHOUN, mother of three, on her backyard fallout shelter, 1951 This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook. Time Notebook 3A

20. “Know the Bomb’s True Dangers. Know the Steps You Can Take to Escape Them!–You Can Survive.”Government pamphlet, 1950 DIGGING YOUR OWN BOMB SHELTER? Better go shopping. On the following slide is a list of items included with the $3,000 Mark I Kiddie Kokoon, designed to accommodate a family of five for a three-to-five-day underground stay. This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Time Notebook 6

21. air blower  • mattresses and blankets (5)  • air pump (for blowing up mattresses)  • incandescent bulbs (2) 40 watts  • fuses (2) 5 amperes  • clock, non-electric  • first aid kit  • waterless hand cleaner  • sterno stove  • canned water (10 gallons)  • canned food (meat, powdered milk, cereal, sugar, etc.)  • paper products • radiation detector  • protective apparel suit  • face respirator  • radiation charts (4)  • hand shovel combination (for digging out after blast)  • gasoline driven generator  • gasoline (10 gallons)  • chemical toilet  • toilet chemicals (2 gallons)  • bunks (5)  This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Time Notebook 7

22. Life During the Early Cold War (cont.) • The 1950s was a time of great contrasts. • Images of the Cold War appeared in films and popular fiction. • Along with these fears of communism and spies, the country enjoyed postwar prosperity and optimism. Miss Atomic Bomb 1957 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-22

23. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-22

24. Eisenhower’s “New Look”(cont.) • Americans discovered that the Soviets had developed their own nuclear missiles. • On October 4, 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. • The Americans felt they were falling behind in missile technology. (pages 675–677) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-9

25. Eisenhower’s “New Look”(cont.) • The next year, Congress created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and also passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA). (pages 675–677) Section 4-10