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Nobel Laureates 2000

Nobel Laureates 2000. Physics: Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby – “for basic work on information and communication technology” Chemistry: Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa – “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers”

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Nobel Laureates 2000

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  1. Nobel Laureates 2000 Physics: Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby – “for basic work on information and communication technology” Chemistry: Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa – “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers” Literature: Gao Xingjian – “for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama” Peace: Kim Dae-jung – “for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular” Economics: James J. Heckman – “for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples” Daniel L. McFadden – “for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice”

  2. Questions Addressed • What type of signal transduction? • Were the discoveries crucial? • Diseases risen by disturbances? • Individual discoveries by the Nobel laureates?

  3. Arvid Carlssons’s discovery and research • Rewarded for his discovery that dopamine is a transmitter in the brain and that it has great importance for our ability to control movements • What is dopamine? • Research on Parkinson’s disease and drugs against it? • Carlsson’s subsequent discoveries (Antipsycotic and antidepressive drugs)?

  4. Dopamine nerve pathways in the brain

  5. Message Transmission

  6. Paul Greengard’s discoveries and research • Rewarded for his discovery of how dopamine and a number of other transmitters exert their action in nervous system. • How transmitters carry their message from one nerve cell to another? • Effect of Phosphorylation of proteins on the function of nerve cells • Subsequent research

  7. Effects in nerve cells

  8. Eric Kandel’s discoveries and research • Rewarded for his discoveries of how the efficiency of synapses can be modified, which molecular mechanisms take part • Experimental model used?

  9. Molecular changes in the sea slug, Aplysia

  10. Events in year 2000 • A full genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana was published • The year 2000 was also marked as: • The International Year for a culture of peace • The World Mathematical Year Reference:www.answers.com

  11. References • http://nobelprize.org/ • www.wikepedia.org • www.answers.com • http://www.redsword.com/clipart/wedding_clipart/clipart/misc/thankyou.gif

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