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Aldo James Rico 5/2/14

Croup is a common respiratory infection affecting children, particularly those aged 3 months to 15 years. It is primarily caused by viral infections, especially by parainfluenza viruses. Symptoms include a barking cough, stridor, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing, often worsening at night. Diagnosis can be confirmed through the "steeple sign" and possible laryngoscopy. Treatment options include oral corticosteroids, epinephrine, and heliox. Prevention can involve proper hand hygiene and vaccinations against related illnesses.

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Aldo James Rico 5/2/14

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  1. 2nd Period: Medical Microbiology Respiratory Infections Aldo James Rico5/2/14

  2. Croup (Basic Facts and Overview) • Respiratory infection brought on by an infection of the upper respiratory airway • Infection leads to the swelling of the throat • It can often be treated with a single dose of oral steroids • Common in the young

  3. Etiology • Viral croup is most common in the age groups of 6 months to 6 years of age • Epinephrine resolves more severe cases • About 1.5 to 6 percent of kids in the US acquire the disease • Parainfluenza viruses are the most common etiological forms of croups • Causative Agent: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) • Common Causes: Viral infection is the most common permutation. Bacterial vectors are the second most common cause.

  4. Epidemiology • Croup affects about 15% of children in the standard age group that affects croup • It accounts for about 5% of hospital admissions in the US • Has been found in people as young as 3 months to 15 years • Standard Age Group: 3 months old to 15 years old • It is restricted to the young group of the population • Common Season: Between October and March

  5. Mode of Transmission • RSV (Croup) is transmitted through oral contact, liquids, and other vectors • Fomites are another mode of transmission

  6. Clinical Symptoms • Clinical Symptoms include: • “Barking cough” • Stridor • Hoarseness • Difficulty breathing • (Note: Croup is usually worse during night time due to changes in the shape of the respiratory system when sleeping)

  7. Diagnostic Tests • Mostly diagnosed due to the common “steeple sign”, or the tendency to crane the neck due to pain in the trachea • Signs of epiglotitis • Laryngoscopy could also be considered for the patient. • There are multiple ways to diagnose, more than these 3

  8. Treatment • The following medicines are the several forms of accepted treatment: • Corticosteroids (Pain relief and lessens swelling) • Epinephrine • Heliox (Gaseous relief medicine, Relieves symptoms)

  9. Important Stuff • Most Severe Form of Croup: Parainfluenza Forms 1 and 3 • X-Ray of Croup will most likely reveal the “Thumb Sign” • Heliox is not better than Epinephrine for the treatment of symptoms

  10. Short Video Supplement • Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTfZWGEmsx8

  11. Prevention • Vaccination or Immunization to influenza and diphtheria. • Washing hands also lowers the infection rate from person to person

  12. The End • “Offro né paga, né quarti, né disposizioni; Offro fame, sete, marce forzate, battaglie e morte. Sia lui che ama il suo paese nel suo cuore e non solo con le labbra mi segua.” • --Giuseppe Garibaldi • Presentation by: Aldo J. Antolini-Rico

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