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Ecology introduction Me 23 slides What is Ecology?

Ecology introduction Me 23 slides What is Ecology?. What is Ecology??. The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment . It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in. Habitat & Niche.

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Ecology introduction Me 23 slides What is Ecology?

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  1. Ecology introduction Me 23 slidesWhat is Ecology?

  2. What is Ecology?? • The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. • It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in.

  3. Habitat & Niche • Habitat is the place a plant or animal lives • Niche is an organism’s total way of life

  4. The Nonliving Environment • Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment. • Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil. • Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.

  5. The Living Environment • Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment. • All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.

  6. Class Quiz • When prompted, blurt your answer once. • If it becomes too loud, you will be told to signal your answer visually.

  7. Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic

  8. Abiotic or Biotic? Abiotic

  9. Abiotic or Biotic? Abiotic

  10. Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic

  11. Levels of Organization

  12. What are the Simplest Levels? • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • System • Organism

  13. on to ECOLOGICAL Levels of Organization5 levels

  14. 1st Level of Organization • Organism (or Individual):An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

  15. 2nd Level of Organization • Population:A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

  16. 3rd Level of Organization • Biological Community:All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.

  17. 4th Level of Organization • Ecosystem:Community plus abiotic factors • Can be terrestrial or aquatic

  18. 5th Level of Organization • Biosphere:The portion of Earth that supports life.

  19. Read; don’t copy.The Biosphere • Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water. • The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.

  20. Class Quiz

  21. What level of organization? (1) Organism

  22. What level of Organization? (2) Community (without the rocks) or Ecosystem (with the rocks and other abiotic factors)

  23. What level of Organization? (3) (Ignore the tree.) Population

  24. Ecosystems food energyM.e 25 SlidesEnergy Flow in an EcosystemNow look for underlined words OR color change for your guided notes.

  25. Energy Flow • Energy in an ecosystem originally comes from the sun • Energy flows through Ecosystems from producers to consumers • Producers (make food) • Consumers (use food by eating producers or other consumers)

  26. Producers • Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth. • Producers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the sun

  27. Consumers Heterotrophs(e.g. animals) eat other organisms to obtain energy. • Herbivores • Eat Only Plants • Carnivores • Eat Only Other Animals

  28. Consumers (cont’d.) • Omnivores (like humans) • Eat Plants & Animals • Scavengers • (like buzzards) Feed On Dead Plant & Animal Remains • Decomposers • Fungi & Bacteria

  29. Feeding Relationships Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction from producers to various levels of consumers

  30. Feeding Relationships (cont’d.) • Food Chain • Simple Energy path through an ecosystem • Food Web • More realistic path through an ecosystem made of many food chains

  31. Here is a Food Chain 3rd Order consumer 2nd Order Consumer 1st order Consumer 4th Order Consumer Producer(trapped sunlight & stored food)

  32. Quiz: Name the Producer, Consumers & Decomposers in this food chain:

  33. Food Web

  34. Trophic Levels Each Level In A Food Chain or Food Web is a Trophic Level. • Producers • Always The First Trophic Level • How Energy Enters The System • Herbivores • Second Trophic Level

  35. Trophic Levels • Carnivores/Omnivores • Make Up The Remaining Trophic Levels Each level depends on the one below it for energy.

  36. Ecological Pyramids Graphic Representations Of The Relative Amounts of Energy or Matter At Each Trophic Level May be: Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers

  37. Energy Pyramid 10% Rule: Only about 10% of chemical energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The rest (90%) dissipates as heat.

  38. Biomass Pyramid 5000 10% Rule: Only about 10% of chemical energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The rest (90%) dissipates as heat.

  39. Pyramid of Numbers 10% Rule: Only about 10% of chemical energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The rest (90%) dissipates as heat.

  40. What do all three pyramids show? • Everyone is somebody’s lunch, but... • 10% Rule: Only about 10% of chemical energy (bodies) is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The rest (90%) is given off as heat. • That’s where body heat comes from.

  41. The End?

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