1 / 24

— Simple Organic Compounds

— Simple Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds. Organic compounds —compounds containing carbon All living things contain carbon Of the millions of carbon compounds known today, more than 90 % are considered organic-the other 10% are found in non-living things. Bonding.

cloomis
Télécharger la présentation

— Simple Organic Compounds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. —Simple Organic Compounds

  2. Organic Compounds • Organic compounds—compounds containing carbon • All living things contain carbon • Of the millions of carbon compounds known today, more than 90 % are considered organic-the other 10% are found in non-living things

  3. Bonding • Carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level • Each carbon can form four covalent bonds w/atoms of carbon or other elements • Common uses: fuel, medicines, dyes, plastics, textile fibers

  4. Arrangement • Carbon can also link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements: chains, branched chains and rings • It can also form double and triple bonds as well as single bonds

  5. **The ability to bond many different ways makes many different carbon structures possible Ex: diamonds, bucky ball, etc. **Carbon compounds vary greatly in size **Large organic compounds are called BIOMOLECULES

  6. Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbon—a compound made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms • Ex: CH4-methane (rep-pg. 641) • Ex: propane • Hydrocarbons produce more than 90% of the energy humans use

  7. Single Bonds • Saturated hydrocarbons—those containing only single-bonded carbon atoms • This means the compound holds as many hydrogen atoms as possible—it is saturated • (saturated fats) • Table—pg. 642

  8. Multiple Bonds • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons—hydrocarbons that contain at least one double or triple bond • This allows space for other atoms to bond to the structure • Ex: ethene C2H4-contains a triple bond • Polyunsaturated-hydrocarbons having more than one double or triple bond • (poly means many)

  9. Section 2—Other Organic Compounds • Aromatic Compounds-one that contains a benzene structure having a ring with six carbons • Ex: cloves, cinnamon, anise, vanilla, aspirin, wintergreen • Benzene—has six carbon atoms bonded into a ring

  10. Substituted Hydrocarbons • -has one or more of its hydrogen atoms replaced by atoms or groups of other elements. • (chemists change hydrocarbons by changing them into other substances (adding double bond, etc)

  11. Petroleum • Petroleum—a dark flammable liquid/crude oil found deep within Earth • Formed from the remains of fossilized material—fossil fuel • A mixture of thousands of carbon compounds

  12. Polymers • Polymers—when smaller molecules from petroleum link together, to make new, extremely large molecules • Monomer—small molecule, which forms a link in the polymer chain • Ex: Polyethylene-plastic bags, bottles and Polypropylene—glues and carpets

  13. Section 4-Biological Compounds • Biological polymers (Biomolecules)—huge molecules made of many smaller monomers that are linked together, but usually more complex in structure • Ex: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

  14. Proteins • Proteins—large organic polymers formed from organic monomers called amino acids • Proteins account for 15 % of body weight (muscles/tendons/hair,etc) • AminoAcids—protein monomers that combine to form proteins

  15. Proteins—composed of C, H, O, NITROGEN and sometimes SULFUR Proteins—made up of amino acids—building blocks of all proteins Proteins make up many structural components of organisms *aid in muscle contraction, transporting oxygen, immunity, etc.

  16. Enzymes **Proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction they speed up reactions **Enzymes work in nearly all metabolic processes **Enzymes do work and are then reused by the body

  17. More about proteins • -NH-2 group is the amine group • -COOH group is the carboxylic acid group • Both groups appear in every amino acid • Amino acids are held together by peptide bonds (50 or more held together is then a protein)

  18. Nucleic acids • Nucleicacids—another important group of organic polymers essential for life/ • They control the activities and reproduction of cells • DNA—deoxyribonucleic acid—one kink of nucleic acid (in nucleus of cells, contains genetic code)

  19. **Nucleic acids are composed of C, H, O, N and Phosphorus **Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA **Nucleic Acids are directly involved in protein synthesis

  20. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates—compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that have twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms • Carbohydrates include the sugars and starches

  21. Carb’s-Sugars and Starches • Sugars—ex: fructose, glucose • They provide quick energy soon after eating Starches—ex: pasta, potatoes, etc. Provide high-energy, long-lasting energy that can be stored in liver and muscle cells

  22. The simplest type of carbohydrate is a MONOSACCHARIDE ex: glucose, sucrose, fructose The largest carbohydrate molecules are POLYSACCHARIDES-made up of many monosaccharide subunits ex: glycogen, cellulose, etc.

  23. LIPIDS • Lipids—fats, oils and related compounds • They contain the same elements as carb’s, but in different proportions • Fats/Oils: At room temp, fats are normally solids and oils are usually liquids • Cholesterol: found in fish, eggs, butter, cheese, meats, bile • If you never eat cholesterol, your body will make its own

  24. Lipids • Lipids are insoluble in water • They are important for proper organism function • Explanation of Saturated and Unsaturated Fats

More Related