Carbon Compounds
Organic compounds • A compound that contains carbon. • “organic” means “of living things” • Can occur naturally: • Wood, paper • Produces artificially also: • Plastics, fuels, cleaning solutions
Organic Compounds • Many have low melting points and low boiling points • Causes them to be liquids and gases at room temperature • Liquids generally have a strong odor • Do NOT conduct electricity • Do NOT dissolve well in water
Hydrocarbons The simplest organic compound. Hydrocarbons contain only the elements hydrogen and carbon. Examples: methane, propane, butane
Hydrocarbons • Properties: • ALL are flammable • When burned a large amount of energy is released • Mix poorly with water
Hydrocarbons • Simplest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4) • Ethane – C2 H6 • Propane – C3 H8 • These are the molecular formulas – Create the structural formulas.
Structural Formula • Shows the kind, number and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. • Isomers • Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures. • Each isomer is a different substance.
Show Structural Formula • Molecular Formula • Methane CH4 • Ethane C2H6 • Propane C3H8
Structural Formulas • Hydrocarbons with 4 or more carbon atoms can have straight or branched arrangements.
Structural Formula • Butane C4H10 • Straight Chain • Branched Chain
Double or Triple Bonds • Two carbon atoms can form single, double or triple bonds • Bonds beyond triple bonds do not exist in nature.
Hydrocarbons • Saturated Hydrocarbons • (single bonds) carbon is “saturated” or filled up with hydrocarbons • Ends in -ane • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • (double and triple bonds) have fewer hydrogen atoms for each carbon compared to saturated hydrocarbons • Ends in –ene or -yne
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Ethene • C2H4 • Simplest double carbon bond • Produced by bananas • Ethyne • C2H2 • Simplest triple carbon bonds • acetylene
Substituted Hydrocarbons • Atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon • Halogen compounds • Alcohols • Organic acids
Halogen Compounds • Trichloroethane • C2H3Cl3 • Perchloroethylene • C2H2Cl2
Alcohols • -OH substituted for hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon • -OH called hydroxyl group • An alcohol contains one or more hydroxyl groups
Alcohol • Methanol • CH3OH • Ethanol • One hydrogen atom from ethane, C2H6, plus one hydroxyl group • C2H5OH
Organic Acids • A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups • -COOH • Acetic Acid – main compound in vinegar • CH3COOH • Formic Acid – stinging from ants • HCOOH
Esters • Alcohol + Organic Acid Ester • Esters have: • Pleasant fruity smells • Ingredient in medications (ASA, … )
Polymers • A very large chain of molecules made of chains of many smaller molecules. • Monomers – smaller molecules
Polymers • Natural Polymers • Wool made by sheep • Cotton plants make cotton • Silk worms make silk • Synthetic Polymers • Manufactured, or synthesized, in factories • Polyester, nylon, plastics
Saturated, Unsaturated, or substituted hydrocarbon? H H C OH H
Saturated, Unsaturated, or Substituted Hydrocarbons? H H H C C H C H H H H C H H
Saturated, Unsaturated, or Substituted Hydrocarbon? H H OH C H
Saturated, Unsaturated, or Substituted Hydrocarbon? H Cl Cl H C C H Cl
Saturated, Unsaturated, or Substituted Hydrocarbon? H H C H H C
Saturated, Unsaturated, or Substituted Hydrocarbon? H H C COOH H
