Renewing the Sectional Struggle: 1848-1854

1. Renewing the Sectional Struggle:1848-1854 Although the Compromise of 1850 temporarily quieted sectionalism, attempts to expand slavery in the 1850’s culminated in the secession of the Confederacy Compromise of 1850 Expansion of Slavery Rise of Sectionalism Failure of Compromise

2. I. Compromise of 1850 • Background Events • Wilmot Proviso, 1848 • The compromise: Popular Sovereignty • Election 1848 • Taylor/Fillmore (W) v. Cass (D) • “Free soil, free speech, free labor, free men.” • CA Gold Rush • Background Issues • Political balance of slavery • CA and Mexican Cessation? • Fugitive Slave Law, 1793 a. Harriet Tubman • Disputed territory with TX • Slavery in D.C. (1000 per year) • Negotiations • Clay and Douglas and Webster and Fillmore • Calhoun • William “higher law” Seward • Provisions (PopFACT)

3. Manifest Destiny SF Walking Tour, Dec. 21st

4. II. Expansion of Slavery A. Election of 1852 • Pierce a proslave northerner supported the F.S.L. (D) • Scott’s (W) support of F.S.L. alienated southern Whigs B. International Expansion • Asia • Treaty of Wanghia, 1844 • Commodore Perry, 1852 • Latin America • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1848 • W. Walker in Nicaragua • Ostend Manifesto, 1854

5. II. Expansion of Slavery (cont.) • Domestic Expansion: Transcontinental RR • Gadsden Purchase • Proposed territory of NB and KS • S. Douglas • Popular Sovereignty • Reactions! • North “Free-Soilers” • Southern “Fire-eaters” • Crash of Democratic Party-28 years • Creation of GOP

6. Lewis Cass Stephen Douglas Franklin Pierce Zachary Taylor John Calhoun Winfield Scott Martin Van Buren Daniel Webster Matthew Perry Harriet Tubman William Seward James Gadsden Henry Clay Millard Fillmore Popular Sovereignty Filibustering Free Soil Party Fugitive Slave Law “conscience Whigs” “personal liberty laws” Underground Railroad Compromise of 1850 “fire-eaters” Clayton-Bulwer Treaty Ostend manifesto “higher law” Kansas-Nebraska Act Chapter 18 Vocabulary

7. III. Rise of Sectionalism • Voices of Sectionalism • Harriet Beecher Stowe • Hinton Helper • Case Study: “Bleeding KS” • Emigration into KS • NEEAC and “Beecher’s Bibles” • Territorial vote, 1855 • “border ruffians” • Free-soilers in Topeka • Violence • Attack on Lawrence, KS • Pottawatomie Massacre, 1856 • Caning of Senator Sumter • Election of 1856 • Buchanan (D) v. Fremont (R) v. Fillmore (“Do Not”) • No extension of slavery (R) v. Popular Sovereignty (D) • Statehood vote, 1857 • Pro-slavery LeCompton Constitution • Buchanan upsets N. Demos and Douglas upsets S. Demos. John Steuart Curry’s Tragic Prelude (1938-1940)

8. IV. Failure of Compromise • Dred Scot Decision • Pro-Slave majority on court (Taney) • Hit #1: No citizenship for blacks • Hit #2: Slaves be taken anywhere (5th) • Hit #3: Missouri Compromise unconstitutional (5th) • North horrified, “It’s an opinion, not decision!” • Financial Crisis of 1857 • Ca Gold and Over-production/speculation • Western demand for free land • Industrialists demand for higher tariffs • Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 • GOP spotlight • Freeport Doctrine-territories could refuse to pass laws protecting slavery—ending slavery. • Harper’s Ferry, 1859 • Establish free black state • Became a martyr in north and feared in the south Standing Lincoln, Lincoln Park, Chicago

9. IV. Failure of Compromise (cont.) E. Election of 1860 • Democrats • Douglas • Breckinridge • Constitutional Union • Bell • Republicans • Lincoln • Tragic Chain Events • 11 states secede by VA • Confederate States of Am., 1861 • Crittenden amendments

10. Harriet Beecher Stowe Hinton Helper John Brown James Buchanan Charles Sumner John C. Fremont Dred Scott Roger Taney John Breckenridge John Bell Jefferson Davis Uncle Tom’s Cab New England Immigrant Aid Company Pottawatowie Lecompton Constitution “Bleeding Kansas” American Party Dred Scot Panic of 1837 Freeport Doctrine Constitutional Union party Crittenden Comprise Chapter 19 Vocabulary