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Healthy Families

Healthy Families. BN501 Session 18. Learning Objectives. Definitions of family Discuss common characteristics of families List five attributes that explain how families function as social systems Describe the functions of a family

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Healthy Families

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  1. Healthy Families BN501 Session 18

  2. Learning Objectives • Definitions of family • Discuss common characteristics of families • List five attributes that explain how families function as social systems • Describe the functions of a family • Analyse the role of the community health nurse in promoting the health of the family

  3. Student Health Desk

  4. Brainstorm Who is family for you? What is “family” to you?

  5. Definition of family A broad definition of family includes: • The traditional family definition (parent and child), • Intimate partners, • Trusted others, • Individuals living in the same household, • Individuals who have daily interactions with one another and those who care for the person in question

  6. Culture and Families Does the culture of the family influence they way the members interact?

  7. Overview to Family SystemsPerspectives Most families fall on a continuum somewhere between healthy and dysfunctional This continuum represents the range of experiences, history and functioning of a family system

  8. Overview to Family SystemsPerspectives Family members actions influence all members of the system • All families are in a constant state of change • The family system seeks stability in the midst of these changes • When individual members change, the system seeks to restore itself • A family is more than the sum of its parts, it is a system

  9. Definitions relating to family • Family functioning: • Behaviours and activities by family members that maintain and meet the needs of the family, individual member needs, and society’s views of family

  10. Family Health • how well the family functions as a unit equals: • Health of each member + how well they relate to other members + how well they relate and cope with the community outside the family

  11. Universal Characteristics of Families • Every family is a small social system • Every family has its own cultural values and rules Family matters must always stay within the family  operating rule: “Do not tell anyone about our problems”. Power distribution and roles • Every family has structure: Shapes and sizes (nuclear and extended, traditional and non-traditional) • Every family has certain basic functions • Every family moves through stages in its life cycle

  12. The Family as a Social System The attributes of open systems that explain how families function: • Families are interdependent = Each member’s actions affect the other members • Families maintain boundaries = ego-boundaries + generation boundaries + family-community boundaries

  13. The family as a social system (2) • Families exchange energy with their environment = input-output relationship. Families never stay the same they shift and change in response to internal and external forces; • Families are adaptive = Equilibrium-seeking systems; roles • New members added, members leave by death or divorce; roles and relationships changed with age.

  14. Families are goal-oriented = They exist for a purpose • In order to fulfill this purpose a family must perform basic functions such as providing love, security, identity, a sense of belonging, assistance with preparation of adult roles in society, and maintenance of order and control.

  15. Family culture: • Family members share certain values that affect family behaviour • Certain roles are prescribed and defined for family members • A family’s culture determines its distribution and use of power

  16. Types of families • Nuclear = husband , wife and kids • Single-adult families = one adult living alone • Multi-generational families • Kin network: Several nuclear families live in the same household or near each other and share goods and services. • Blended family • Single-parent family • Commuter family One partner lives, works and raises children in the home city while the other partner lives in the other city and commutes home for weekends

  17. The Role of the Nurse in Promoting the Health of the Family • Promoting showing affection • Providing security • Instilling identity • Promoting affiliation • Providing socialisation • Establishing controls

  18. Assessment of Families Can you: • Describe characteristics of a healthy family • Identify five family health practice guidelines • Describe twelve major assessment categories for families • List the five basic principles the CHN should follow when assessing family health

  19. Signs of a Healthy Family How would the Nurse determine the health status of a family? Ball & Binder (2005) identified 6 signs of a healthy family: • Maintaining a spiritual foundation • Making the family a top priority • Asking and giving respect • Communicating and listening • Valuing service to others • Expecting and offering acceptance

  20. Characteristics of a Healthy Family Curry, (2009): • Facilitative process of interaction among family members • Enhance individual member development • Role relationships are structured effectively • Actively attempt to cope with problems • Healthy home environment and lifestyle • Regular links with the broader community

  21. Family Health Practice Guidelines Family Nursing = Nursing practice where the family is the unit of service (Ball & Binder, 2005) • Work with the family collectively • Start where the family is: Present not ideal level of functioning • Adapt nursing intervention to the family’s stage of development • Recognise and validate the variation in family structures • Remember that what is normal for one family may not be for the other family • Families are constantly changing • Emphasize family strengths

  22. Family Health Assessment The twelve assessment categories for data collection: • Family demographics: composition, socio-economic status, ages, education, occupation, ethnicity and religion • Physical environment: geography, climate, housing, space, social and political, food availability and dietary habits • Psychological and spiritual environment: affectional relationships, mutual respect, support • Family structure and roles: family organisation, division of labor, allocation and use of authority and power • Family functions: providing for family members’ needs • Family values and beliefs: raising children, making and spending money

  23. Family Health Assessment (continued) • Family communication patterns: Frequency and quality of communication • Family decision-making patterns: How are decisions made in the family? By whom are they made? How are they implemented? • Family problem-solving patterns: Flexibility of family’s approach to problem-solving, nature of solutions

  24. Family Health Assessment (3) • Family coping patterns: How does the family handle conflict and life changes, nature and quality of family support systems • Family health behaviour: Health history, current physical health of members, use of health resources, health beliefs • Family social and cultural patterns: family discipline, limit-setting practices, promotion of members’ creativity

  25. Guidelines for Family Health Assessment • Focus on the family as a total unit. Family health > sum of individual members • Ask goal-directed questions • Collect data over time: Allow adequate time • Combine quantitative and qualitative data • Exercise professional judgment: Involve family with assessment

  26. Nursing Process Applied to Families as Clients Working with families where they live: The Home visit purpose: Assist the clients to achieve as high a level of wellness as possible

  27. Site of health promotion • what kinds of nurses do home visits? • What is the value of a home visit? • What are some issues of home visiting?

  28. Issues What are some of the issues adversely affecting healthy families in NZ today?

  29. Family Supports ?What is available in NZ today http://www.tpk.govt.nz/_documents/tpk-whanauorapresentation-masondurie-2011.pdf

  30. References Institute for Family Centred Care. (2005). Family centred care: Frequently asked questions. Author; Maryland. Lambert, V. (2011). Commentary on Shields (2010). Questioning family centred care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, p1791- 179. Perry, S., Hockenberry, M., Lowdermilk, D., & Wilson, D. (2010). Maternal child nursing care (4th ed.). St. Louis, Elsevier Mosby. Richard, C., & Lussier, M. (2009). Health literacy, a competence that is a matter of concern. Pedagogie Medicale, 10(2), p123-130

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