1. Advanced Imaging

2. Panoramic Imaging • Since the near-field image width limited by width of transducer, difficult to obtain a wide view of shallow structures • Transducer moved along patient's anatomy • Multiple images blended to form single long image with wide field of view • Uses cross-correlation techniques to compare consecutive images, rotating and stitching them together to form final image.

3. Spatial Compound Imaging • Combines multiple lines of sight • Sound beam steered to set of predetermined angles, typically within 20 degrees from perpendicular. • Form single composite image at real-time frame rates. • Benefits • Reduction of angle-dependent artifacts • Improved image quality through reduced speckle

4. Elastography • A method to assess the mechanical properties of tissue • Stress applied to tissue • Displacement measured using ultrasound • Strain (compression) • Most common technique • Allows real-time visualisation of elastographicmap on monitor

5. Anistropy • Effect that makes a tendon appear • bright when it runs 90o to sound beam • dark when the angle is changed. • At very smooth boundaries, angle of reflection & incidence equal • Similar to mirror • Probe only receives reflected sound if beam strikes surface at 90o