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Colonies in the British Empire

Colonies in the British Empire. Colonies vs. England. England’s Commercial Empire Empire spans the globe and is also widespread in the New World - Belize to Canada purpose of the colonies is to benefit England The Navigation Acts enforce this policy manufacturing vs. extractive.

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Colonies in the British Empire

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  1. Colonies in the British Empire

  2. Colonies vs. England • England’s Commercial Empire • Empire spans the globe and is also widespread in the New World - Belize to Canada • purpose of the colonies is to benefit England • The Navigation Acts enforce this policy • manufacturing vs. extractive

  3. American economy

  4. George III • King begins reign in 1760 • “Be a King, George” • Parliamentary power - end of neglect • Attempts to rule through a “King’s Party” • Lords Bute, Grenville, Rockingham, Pitt • Lord North • initially a calming influence • Boston Tea Party inflames rage

  5. British colonies 1713

  6. Parliamentary Support • Colonists gain support from unlikely source • opposition leaders use colonist complaints to attack current government • William Pitt • total liberal, total conservative • victor of Seven Years War • “It is my opinion that this kingdom has no right to lay a tax upon the colonies. At the same time I assert the authority of this kingdom over the colonies to be sovereign and supreme.” • statues in NYC and Charleston, Pittsburgh

  7. The Different Colonies • Mainland North America has 14 British colonies • all have similar concerns but deal with them differently • territorial administration, fur industry, Native Americans, land policy, defense • ex. Defense of the western frontier • different system of control in each colony

  8. 13 British colonies 1732

  9. Foreign Affairs • English colonies in constant fear of invasion and attack • French from north and west, Spain from south • fears that both countries would utilize Indian tribes • European involvement starts many wars whose influences are felt in the colonies

  10. European spheres of influence c. 1755

  11. Colonial Inhabitants • Most inhabitants come from England and Wales • others tend to settle in regional enclaves • ex. Scotch-Irish - Carolina uplands • ex. Germans - Pennsylvania, Mohawk valley

  12. Ethnic majorities in colonies 1763

  13. Colonial Settlement • Settlement along coast and rivers • color coded “fingers” extend into portions of the Carolinas, Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York, and Massachusetts • Why?

  14. Spheres of settlement

  15. Land Usage • 95% population lives on farms • not all parts of country have same type of farm - regional differences • New England • Middle States • Chesapeake • Southern

  16. Hudson river manors 1763

  17. Surveying • Land parcels needed to be surveyed before ownership was official • surveyors get cash or a portion of the land they survey • major landholders in Virginia - Washington, Jefferson Survey by GW 1749 courtesy VA state library

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