The Early Cold War: WWI-1970

1. The EarlyCold War:WWI-1970 Ms. Susan M. Pojerand some changes by Ms. Snyder

2. Results of World War II

3. The World We Live in Today Was Formed by the Events of World War II & its immediate aftermath!

5. WW II Casualties: Europe Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

6. WW II Casualties • Civilians only. • Army and navy figures. • Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. • Deaths from all causes. • Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. • Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany. • National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.

7. Massive Human Dislocations

8. The Creation of the U. N.

9. The Nuremberg War Trials:Crimes Against Humanity

10. 7 Future American Presidents Served in World War II

11. The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20c CW Crash Course 12 min

12. The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War

13. “Reconstruction & Confrontation”

14. The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL spread world-wide Communism GOAL : “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan] • METHODOLOGIES: • Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] • Arms Race [nuclear escalation] • Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” • Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

16. The “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

20. Meaning

21. Truman Doctrine [March 1947] • Civil War in Greece. • Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles. • The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. • The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.

22. Marshall Plan [1948] • “European Recovery Program.” • Secretary of State, George Marshall • The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. • $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

24. Russian View of the Marshall Plan

25. The Division of Germany:1945 - 1990

26. Post-War Germany Spidergram

27. The blockade lasted 318 days (11 months). In the winter of 1948–49 Berliners lived on dried potatoes, powdered eggs and cans of meat.  They had four hours of electricity a day. The airlift was codenamed 'operation Vittles'; the first flight was on 26 June 1948. The Soviet authorities offered to provide West Berlin with essential supplies - this offer was rejected. 275,000 flights carried in 1½ million tons of supplies.  A plane landed every 3 mins. On 16 April 1949, 1400 flights brought in 13,000 tons of supplies in one day – Berlin only needed 6,000 tons a day to survive. Some pilots dropped chocolate and sweets. The airlift continued until 30 September 1949, in order to build up a reserve of supplies. The USA stationed B-29 bombers (which could carry an atomic bomb) in Britain. The American airmen were regarded as heroes Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)

28. Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49) Film Clip

29. The Arms Race:A “Missile Gap?” • The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949. • Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

30. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy • Luxemburg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

31. Warsaw Pact (1955) • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Rumania

32. Premier Nikita Khrushchev About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist.If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you. -- 1956 De-Stalinization Program

33. An Historic Irony: Sergei Khrushchev, American Citizen Who buried who?

34. Mao’s Revolution: 1949 Who lost China? – A 2nd}Power!

35. The Korean War: A “Police Action” (1950-1953) Kim Il-Sung Syngman Rhee “Domino Theory”

36. The Suez Crisis: 1956-1957

37. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

38. The Hungarian Uprising: 1956 Imre Nagy, HungarianPrime Minister • Promised free elections. • This could lead to the end of communist rule in Hungary.

39. The Hungarian Uprising: 1956 In response, the Soviet Union quickly sent in troops and tanks ending the revolt and re-establishing Soviet domination

40. Sputnik I (1957) The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!

41. U-2 Spy Incident (1960) Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.

42. Paris, 1961 Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be rolled.

43. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961) Berlin Wall Deconstructed Video CheckpointCharlie

44. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)

45. ( August of 1961) First GDR border guard to escape to the West: From 1961-1989 2000 guards escaped to the west. Saying Goodbye Guard letting child through wired fence-Was immediately reassigned

46. Ich bin ein Berliner!(1963) "Ich bin Berliner" President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them! (Or, I am a Doughnut)

47. Brandenburg Gate 1965 Berlin Wall 1967

48. Potsdamer Platz – Over the Years

49. Potsdamer Platz – Over the Years

50. Khruschev Embraces Castro,1961