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Chapter 1: When Old Worlds Collide: Contact, Conquest, Catastrophe: Contact

Chapter 1: When Old Worlds Collide: Contact, Conquest, Catastrophe: Contact. America was discovered accidently by a great sailor who was looking for something else; when discovered it was not wanted; and most of the

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Chapter 1: When Old Worlds Collide: Contact, Conquest, Catastrophe: Contact

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  1. Chapter 1: When Old Worlds Collide: Contact, Conquest, Catastrophe: Contact

  2. America was discovered accidently by a great sailor who was looking for something else; when discovered it was not wanted; and most of the exploration for the next fifty years was done in the hope of getting through or around it.   America was named after a man who discovered no part of the New World.  History is like that, very chancy. Samuel Eliot Morison (1965) Admiral, Historian

  3. Pre-Columbian time period. • First Americans came from Asia • Crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age • Following a food source • Gradual migration • Came in 3 waves

  4. Early Human Migrations • 1st Migration, 38,000-1800 BCE (amerind) • 2ndMigration, c. 10,000-4,000 BCE (na-dene) • 3rd Migration, c. 8,000-3,000 BCE (Inuit)

  5. Culture area CULTURE AREAS OF NATIVE AMERICANS

  6. Who was the first? • Credit is generally given to Christopher Columbus (1492) or Leif Ericson (1000) • Vikings almost certainly established a colony called Vinland on the coast of New Foundland, but how far into the American interior did the venture? • The Kensington Runestone was found in 1898 in Minnesota and it read: • "8 Swedes and 22 Norwegians on an exploration journey from Vinland westward. We had our camp by 2 rocky islets one day's journey north of this stone. We were out fishing one day. When we came home we found 10 men red with blood and dead. AVM save us from evil. We have 10 men by the sea to look after out ships, 14 days journey from this island. Year 1362." • Most scholars view it as a hoax, though • China has also been given credit for landing in America by 1421 • By the time of Columbus, Northern Europeans regularly fished of the Canadian coast

  7. Who Was the first?

  8. Who was the first? • Sooooooo, the question is…Why Columbus? • With so much evidence that he was not the first, why does he hold a unique place in history (he even has his own holiday!)? • And… • What drove Europeans to venture out into the Atlantic in search of the unknown?

  9. Indirect Causes of European Explorations

  10. A Map of the Known World,pre- 1492

  11. Motives for European Exploration Crusades  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. Reformation  refugees & missionaries. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. Technological advances. Fame and fortune.

  12. 15th century trade routes

  13. European trade routes

  14. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe(1532) used to determine latitude Mariner’s Compass Sextant- determines position on a map

  15. New Weapons Technology

  16. Direct Causes = 3 G’s • Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY) • Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD) • Religious: spread Christianity (Reformation). (GOD) The 3 motives reinforce each other

  17. The Portuguese European Colonization • The Portuguese were the first to begin searching for an all water route to Asia….. • Prince Henry the Navigator • Established school for navigation in 1419 • Development of middle east invention- the caravel • Colonized South America in the area that would become Brazil

  18. Explorers Sailing For Portugal • Prince Henry the Navigator - Portugal - Funded Exploration down coast of Africa - 1419-1460 • Bartolomeo Dias- Portugal - Rounded the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) - 1488 • Vasco daGama - Portugal - Opened trade with India - Placed Portugal in position to dominate trade with India - 1498 • Pedro Cabral- Portugal - Claimed present day Brazil for Portugal - 1500

  19. Enter the Spanish: ChristofoColon [1451-1506] One of the great mystery men in history

  20. Columbus’ Four Voyages

  21. Weird Picture of the Day

  22. Bonus Creepy Picture of the Day

  23. The French • French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada • Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of North America • Develop a fur trade • Couier do Bois

  24. Explorers Sailing For France • Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535 • Samuel de Champlain - France - “Father of New France” - Established Quebec (the 1st permanent French colony in N. America) - Established settlements and explored Maine, Montreal & Nova Scotia - 1608

  25. European Colonization The Dutch • Like French, Dutch focus on fur trade & send only a few men to settlements • Found Albany (New York, 1614) on Hudson River • New Netherland (becomes New York) is an extension of the Dutch global trade system • Dutch & French form alliances with Native Americans—increase warfare & Iroquois (Dutch ally) defeat Hurons

  26. Explorers Sailing For The Netherlands • Henry Hudson - English sailing for the Dutch - Searching for Northwest Passage - Claimed Hudson River - Settlers established New Netherlands (New York) - 1609

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